The Wari Occupation of Pataraya: The Interface of Coast and Sierra

瓦里占领帕塔拉亚：海岸和山脉的交界处

• 批准号: 0612728
• 负责人: Katharina Schreiber
• 金额: $ 12.94万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0612728&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Wari; Occupation; Pataraya; Interface; Coast

With the support of the National Science Foundation, Professor Katharina Schreiber and an international team of archaeologists will conduct two field seasons of archaeological research in southern Peru. The project will investigate an installation of a pre-Inca Andean empire and study the economic strategies used by that empire. The Wari Empire (ca. AD 750-1000) conquered and controlled most of the high Peruvian Andes and much of the coast of Peru. When the Wari extended their control from the high Andes down to the coast, they built a small installation in an area midway between those extremes, at about 1200 meters (4000 feet) above sea level, in the upper Nasca valley. The site lies near a broad tract of abandoned agricultural terraces, so the site may have been placed in order to control production in this sector of the valley. A cluster of house remains near the site suggests that the empire imported workers from another region to work the fields, and to serve the imperial bureaucrats stationed at the site.The project will follow several lines of investigation to understand the purpose and function of this site, and how it was a part of a larger empire-wide economic strategy. During the first season the imperial site will be excavated in order to clarify its function, and who occupied it. Archaeological reconnaissance will be conducted farther up the valley to see if any other imperial sites were located higher up. The second season will be devoted to mapping and testing the soils of the abandoned agricultural terrace to determine their ages and what had been grown on them. An imperial cemetery is also located near the site, and this will be excavated as well. Finally, additional archaeological reconnaissance will be undertaken in an adjacent valley to see if the Wari occupation was repeated in other valleys.In a broader sense, empires are large, complex states that hold sway over many peoples and territories. Empires must be flexible in their ability to adapt their strategies of control to such varying situations, and also be able to change those strategies when necessary. The study of the Wari Empire in the upper Nasca valley not only provides new information on how Wari developed and implemented different strategies of control, it also contributes to our understanding of ancient empires, in general. The problems faced by ancient empires are directly analogous to problems faced by modern states, especially those with large ethnically diverse populations.This project will have broader impacts in that it will provide educational opportunities for both American and Peruvian students. One American graduate student will use some of the data recovered from the project as the basis of his doctoral thesis. Peruvian students will gain archaeological training and experience, and collaboration with Peruvian archaeologists will provide ample opportunities for intellectual exchange. Professor Schreiber will also give public addresses and school lectures in local communities, both to share her knowledge of their past and to engender a respect for the preservation of archaeological resources.

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Katharina Schreiber教授和一个国际考古学家团队将在秘鲁南部进行两次实地考古研究。该项目将调查一个前印加安第斯帝国的建立，并研究该帝国使用的经济战略。瓦里帝国（约公元750-1000年）征服并控制了秘鲁安第斯山脉的大部分高地和秘鲁海岸的大部分地区。当瓦里人将他们的控制范围从安第斯山脉延伸到海岸时，他们在海拔1200米（4000英尺）的纳斯卡河谷上游，在这两个极端之间的一个地方建造了一个小设施。该遗址位于一大片废弃的农业梯田附近，因此该遗址可能是为了控制山谷这一地区的生产。遗址附近的一群房屋遗迹表明，帝国从其他地区引进工人来耕种田地，并为驻扎在遗址的帝国官僚服务。该项目将遵循几条调查路线，以了解该遗址的目的和功能，以及它如何成为更大的帝国经济战略的一部分。在第一季中，为了弄清它的功能，以及谁占领了它，将对帝国遗址进行挖掘。考古勘测将在山谷的更高处进行，看看是否有其他的帝王遗址位于更高的地方。第二季将致力于绘制和测试废弃农业梯田的土壤，以确定它们的年龄和生长在上面的东西。在遗址附近还有一座皇家墓地，这也将被挖掘出来。最后，将在邻近的山谷进行额外的考古侦察，看看瓦里人的占领是否在其他山谷重演。从更广泛的意义上说，帝国是控制许多民族和领土的庞大而复杂的国家。帝国必须能够灵活地调整自己的控制策略以适应这种不同的情况，并能够在必要时改变这些策略。对纳斯卡河谷上游瓦里帝国的研究不仅提供了关于瓦里如何发展和实施不同控制策略的新信息，而且还有助于我们对古代帝国的总体理解。古代帝国所面临的问题与现代国家所面临的问题直接相似，尤其是那些拥有大量不同种族人口的国家。该项目将产生更广泛的影响，因为它将为美国和秘鲁学生提供教育机会。一名美国研究生将使用从该项目中恢复的一些数据作为他的博士论文的基础。秘鲁学生将获得考古培训和经验，与秘鲁考古学家的合作将提供充分的知识交流机会。施赖伯教授还将在当地社区发表公开演讲和学校讲座，既分享她对当地历史的了解，又唤起人们对保护考古资源的尊重。