Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Rural Domestic Economy and Chimu Political Economy: Household Organization at the El Brujo Site Complex, Chicama Valley, Peru

在Katharina Schreiber博士的指导下，James Tate先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。泰特先生将在秘鲁奇卡马山谷的El Brujo遗址群进行考古发掘。这个建筑群在考古学上非常有趣，因为它由一系列的家庭住所和仪式土墩组成，代表了4000多年的人类活动，从公元前3000年到公元1532年，跨越了前陶瓷时期到殖民时期。本次调查的重点是赤木后期的占领遗址和组织家庭经济的居民。考虑到早期殖民时期文件的存在，该遗址尤其重要，这些文件描述了该遗址和周边地区的经济和社会组织。此外，该遗址对有机材料的特殊保存为观察工艺品和生活资源的生产、加工、分配、消费和处置的考古模式提供了无与伦比的机会。一种主要的恢复方法将是收集土壤样本，这将产生有关饮食和生存的数据。然后，研究人员将把生产和消费模式与现有研究进行比较，并将Chicama山谷、El Brujo和附近的Magdalena de Cao镇的民族历史记录进行比较，这种方法已被证明对印加研究很有价值。在中后期（公元1000年-公元1000年）1476年)奇穆文化在秘鲁北部海岸发展起来，并建立了一个等级森严的国家，最终控制了从中部海岸的奇隆山谷到北部的通贝斯的沿海地区。奇木人在考古学和民族历史上都被认为是金属和纺织品等精英商品的专业生产者，他们在以奢侈品控制为基础的再分配经济中发挥着作用，并由灌溉农业提供资金。然而，人们对国家政治经济与行政和政治中心以外社区的地方国内经济之间的关系知之甚少。泰特的调查将通过展示从家庭环境中收集的数据，为现有研究增加一个新的维度。在家庭层面进行的研究提供了在更大范围内研究人类经济、政治和社会组织的无形方面的机会。因此，对El Brujo的研究为现有研究提供了必要的补充，确定了考古记录中具有家庭特征的家庭活动范围，并对奇穆族社区的日常生活进行了详细描述。这项研究也很重要，因为它将整合不同的方法来理解El Brujo的前西班牙文化，在那里，压倒性的调查焦点一直是纪念性建筑。此外，这项研究将有助于增加关于复杂社会中的家庭的人类学和考古学文献，并将有助于训练一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katharina Schreiber, Mr. James Tate will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Mr. Tate will carry out archaeological excavations at the El Brujo Site Complex in the Chicama Valley, Peru. The complex is of great interest archaeologically as it consists of a series of domestic habitations and ceremonial mounds that represent over four thousand years of human occupation spanning the Preceramic through Colonial periods, ca. 3000 B.C. - A.D. 1532. This investigation focuses on the later Chimu occupation of the site and the organization of the domestic economy of the residents. The site is particularly significant given the existence of early colonial period documents that describe the economic and social organization of the site and the surrounding area. In addition, the exceptional preservation of organic material at the site results in an unparalleled opportunity to observe archaeological patterns of production, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal of craft goods and subsistence resources. A primary recovery method will be the collection of soil samples that will produce data on diet and subsistence. The investigator will then compare patterns of production and consumption to existing research, and ethnohistoric accounts of the Chicama Valley, El Brujo, and the nearby town of Magdalena de Cao, a method that has proven valuable to Inca studies. During the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000-A.D. 1476) the Chimu culture developed on the north coast of Peru and established a hierarchically organized expansive state that eventually grew to control the coastal region from the Chillon Valley on the central coast to Tumbes in the north. The Chimu are known archaeologically and ethnohistorically as specialized producers of elite goods such as metals and textiles that served in a redistributive economy based on the control of luxury goods, and financed by irrigation agriculture. Little however is known about the relationship between the state political economy and the local domestic economy of communities outside administrative and political centers. Mr. Tate's investigation will add a new dimension to existing research by presenting data gathered from household contexts. Research carried out at the household level provides the opportunity to study aspects of human economic, political, and social organization invisible at a larger scale. Accordingly, the study of El Brujo provides a necessary addition to existing research by identifying the range of domestic activities that characterize a household in the archaeological record, and contributing a detailed description of daily life in a Chimu community. This research is also important because it will integrate different approaches to the understanding of prehispanic culture at El Brujo, where the overwhelming focus of investigation has been monumental architecture. Further, the research will contribute to a growing body of anthropological and archaeological literature on households in complex societies and will assist in training a promising young scientist.