Dissertation: Style and Culture Contact in the Southern Highlands of Peru

在Katharina Schreiber博士的指导下，Melissa Chatfield女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将继续在秘鲁高地进行实地考察，并在阿克纳帕玛遗址进行考古调查。由于它受到深河谷的保护，因此躲过了该地区常见的抢劫。挖掘将有助于阐明具有特定区域文化特征的建筑形式，并获得大量年代久远的陶瓷样品进行详细分析。根据迄今为止的工作，似乎有五种类型的结构，根据大小和形状进行区分，每一种类型的代表都将被挖掘出来，以确定其功能。实验室分析将集中在陶瓷和材料将最初分类到装饰组。接下来是对膏体和回火特性的简单量化。然后将一个有代表性的样品留作后续详细的岩石学分析之用。阿克纳帕玛可以追溯到中后期，大约公元900-1476年，当时秘鲁高地被两个大帝国统治：以库斯科为中心的瓦里帝国和首都在玻利维亚南部的蒂瓦纳库。考古学家希望了解这些实体如何运作以及两者之间的关系。这些真正的“国家”在多大程度上直接控制着边远地区，并在它们的共同边界上从事敌对或竞争关系？虽然两者之间的界限相当明确，但Aqnapama的不同寻常之处在于它似乎结合了两者的元素。通过对进口到该遗址的陶器和当地生产的陶器的分析，查特菲尔德将评估一系列假设的互动模式。由于该地区的当地居民很可能在Wari或Tiwanaku的影响到来之前就有了传统，MS Chatfield希望确定他们与这两个实体的关系，以及他们能够保持一定程度的地方自治。通过对陶瓷材料的仔细分析，她将深入了解这些问题。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多南美考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将为国家如何形成和保持其完整性提供新的线索，并将有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katharina Schreiber, MS Melissa Chatfield will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will continue fieldwork in highland Peru and conduct archaeological investigation at the site of Aqnapama. Because it is protected by a deep river gorge, it has escaped looting which is common in the region. Excavation will serve both to elucidate architectural forms, which characterize specific regional cultures and to obtain large well dated ceramic samples for detailed analysis. Based on work to date, it appears that five types of structures, distinguished by size and shape are present and a representative of each will be excavated in order to determine function. Laboratory analysis will focus on ceramics and materials will initially be classified into decorative groupings. This will be followed by a simple quantification of paste and temper characteristics. A representative sample will then be set aside for subsequent detailed petrographic analysis.Aqnapama dates to the Late Intermediate Period, ca. 900-1476 AD, a time when highland Peru was dominated by two large empires: Wari centered around Cuzco and Tiwanaku with a capital further South in Bolivia. Archaeologists wish to understand how each of these entities functioned and the relationship between the two. To what extent were these true "states" which exercised a direct control over outlying regions and which, at their mutual border engaged in hostile or competitive relationships? Although the area of demarcation between the two is fairly clear, Aqnapama is unusual because it appears to combine elements of both. Through analysis of pottery imported to the site as well as that locally produced, MS Chatfield will evaluate a series of hypothesized modes of interaction. Since it is likely that local inhabitants of the region had a tradition which predated the arrival of either Wari or Tiwanaku influences MS Chatfield wishes to determine how they related to both entities and the extent to which they were able to maintain a degree of local autonomy. Through a careful analysis of ceramic materials she will gain insight into these issues.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many South Americanist archaeologists. It will shed new light into how states arise and maintain their integrity and it will contribute to the development of a promising young scientist.