Dissertation: Style and Culture Contact in the Southern Highlands of Peru

在Katharina Schreiber博士的指导下，Melissa Chatfield女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将继续在秘鲁高原进行实地考察，并在Aqnapama遗址进行考古调查。因为它受到一条深河峡谷的保护，它逃过了该地区常见的抢劫。发掘将有助于阐明建筑形式，这是特定区域文化的特征，并获得大型的年代久远的陶瓷样品进行详细分析。根据迄今为止的工作，似乎存在五种类型的结构，按大小和形状区分，每种结构的代表将被挖掘，以确定功能。实验室分析将集中在陶瓷和材料将首先被分类为装饰分组。这将是一个简单的定量糊和回火特性。一个有代表性的样品将被留到后面进行详细的岩相分析。公元900-1476年，当时高地秘鲁由两个大帝国统治：以库斯科和蒂瓦纳库为中心的瓦里，首都在玻利维亚的更南部。考古学家希望了解这些实体是如何运作的，以及两者之间的关系。在多大程度上，这些真正的“国家”对边远地区实行直接控制，并在其相互边界上从事敌对或竞争关系？虽然两者之间的界限相当清楚，但Aqnapama是不寻常的，因为它似乎结合了两者的联合收割机元素。通过对进口到该遗址的陶器以及当地生产的陶器的分析，查特菲尔德女士将评估一系列假设的互动模式。由于该地区的当地居民很可能在瓦里人或蒂瓦纳库人到来之前就有传统，因此查特菲尔德女士希望确定他们与这两个实体的关系以及他们能够在多大程度上保持一定程度的地方自治。通过对陶瓷材料的仔细分析，她将深入了解这些问题。这项研究很重要，原因有几个。它将为许多南美考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将为国家如何产生和保持其完整性提供新的启示，并将有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katharina Schreiber, MS Melissa Chatfield will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will continue fieldwork in highland Peru and conduct archaeological investigation at the site of Aqnapama. Because it is protected by a deep river gorge, it has escaped looting which is common in the region. Excavation will serve both to elucidate architectural forms, which characterize specific regional cultures and to obtain large well dated ceramic samples for detailed analysis. Based on work to date, it appears that five types of structures, distinguished by size and shape are present and a representative of each will be excavated in order to determine function. Laboratory analysis will focus on ceramics and materials will initially be classified into decorative groupings. This will be followed by a simple quantification of paste and temper characteristics. A representative sample will then be set aside for subsequent detailed petrographic analysis.Aqnapama dates to the Late Intermediate Period, ca. 900-1476 AD, a time when highland Peru was dominated by two large empires: Wari centered around Cuzco and Tiwanaku with a capital further South in Bolivia. Archaeologists wish to understand how each of these entities functioned and the relationship between the two. To what extent were these true "states" which exercised a direct control over outlying regions and which, at their mutual border engaged in hostile or competitive relationships? Although the area of demarcation between the two is fairly clear, Aqnapama is unusual because it appears to combine elements of both. Through analysis of pottery imported to the site as well as that locally produced, MS Chatfield will evaluate a series of hypothesized modes of interaction. Since it is likely that local inhabitants of the region had a tradition which predated the arrival of either Wari or Tiwanaku influences MS Chatfield wishes to determine how they related to both entities and the extent to which they were able to maintain a degree of local autonomy. Through a careful analysis of ceramic materials she will gain insight into these issues.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many South Americanist archaeologists. It will shed new light into how states arise and maintain their integrity and it will contribute to the development of a promising young scientist.