Doctoral Dissertation Research: Digitizing Traditional Knowledge: National Reactions to Intellectual Property Claims to Yoga

博士论文研究:传统知识数字化:国家对瑜伽知识产权主张的反应

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0616888
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2006-08-15 至 2007-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Abstract: Doctoral Dissertation Research: Digitizing Traditional Knowledge: National Reactions to Intellectual Property Claims to YogaPI: William Maurer Co-PI: Allison FishIssues generated by the use of intellectual property (IP) claims as a means of either protecting or exploiting traditional knowledge are increasingly debated at local, national, and global levels. Specifically, countries such as India are concerned that the effects of international harmonization of IP law, when combined with recent legal developments in dominant states, will result in the unethical and inequitable management of the traditional knowledge they claim as their own. Using the case study of recent IP claims on yoga this project employs ethnographic techniques to examine how traditional knowledge is contested and reconfigured by complex transnational interactions. Furthermore, this project analyzes how the globalization and commercialization of tradition prompts new understandings of not only yoga, but also property and ownership rights, to emerge.The practice of yoga in international commercial exchange (transnational commercial yoga) has become popular in cosmopolitan centers around the world and is a multi-billion dollar industry that has been the site of increasing formal and informal regulatory activities by state institutions, private individuals, and interest groups. The primary questions that these regulations are meant to resolve include: (1) What is yoga and its practice? (2) What is its proprietary nature and does it reside in the public or private domain? (3) Who has the right to manage its expression? In order to answer these questions, interested groups have made diverse claims about the nature of yoga including characterizing it as the invention of a singular author, claiming it is a generic entity that exists in the public domain, asserting it is the cultural practice of a particular nation-state, or advocating its management according to Open Source philosophies.Though socio-legal scholarship has attended to the commodification of some traditional forms of knowledge, especially the patenting of and profiting from indigenous botanical wisdom by pharmaceutical companies, there has been little research that investigates practices such as yoga. Transnational yoga provides a unique and conflicted case-study related to the commodification of cultural knowledge and the ownership of tradition for two reasons. The first is that the identities of the parties in the most notorious disputes are reversed such that it is the individual Indian yogis and the Indian government that are claiming private and semi-private IP rights. Secondly, yoga introduces an intangible commodity form that is produced and consumed entirely through bodily enactments. Thus, yoga has an elusive quality that cannot be captured and represented in the written record, such as a story, nor can material samples, such as seeds, be collected. As such this study of transnational commercial yoga is invested in the following domains: (1) Tracking new understandings of traditional knowledge practices such as yoga, (2) Tracking the emergence of new concepts of property due to developments in IP law, (3) Studying how the market incorporates tradition, and (4) The rearticulation of the boundaries between the public and private domains. This research will lead to greater understanding of how the concept of property is understood.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:博士论文研究:数字化传统知识:国家对知识产权主张的反应YogaPI: William Maurer合著者:Allison fishfishi使用知识产权(IP)主张作为保护或利用传统知识的手段所产生的问题在地方、国家和全球层面上日益引起争论。具体地说,像印度这样的国家担心知识产权法的国际协调的影响,当与主导国家最近的法律发展相结合时,将导致对它们声称属于自己的传统知识的不道德和不公平的管理。通过对最近关于瑜伽的知识产权索赔的案例研究,该项目采用民族志技术来研究传统知识如何在复杂的跨国互动中受到质疑和重新配置。此外,该项目还分析了传统的全球化和商业化如何促使人们对瑜伽,以及财产和所有权产生新的理解。瑜伽在国际商业交流中的实践(跨国商业瑜伽)已经在世界各地的大都会中心流行起来,是一个价值数十亿美元的产业,已经成为国家机构、个人和利益集团越来越多的正式和非正式监管活动的场所。这些规定旨在解决的主要问题包括:(1)什么是瑜伽及其练习?(2)其专有性质是什么,属于公有领域还是私有领域?(三)谁有权管理其表达?为了回答这些问题,感兴趣的团体对瑜伽的本质提出了不同的主张,包括将其描述为单个作者的发明,声称它是存在于公共领域的通用实体,声称它是特定民族国家的文化实践,或者主张根据开源哲学对其进行管理。虽然社会法学研究关注了一些传统知识形式的商品化,特别是制药公司对本土植物智慧的专利和获利,但很少有研究调查瑜伽等实践。跨国瑜伽提供了一个独特的和冲突的案例研究,涉及文化知识的商品化和传统的所有权,原因有两个。首先,在最臭名昭著的争议中,各方的身份被颠倒了,以至于印度瑜伽士和印度政府都声称拥有私人和半私人的知识产权。其次,瑜伽引入了一种无形的商品形式,完全通过身体动作来生产和消费。因此,瑜伽具有一种难以捉摸的品质,无法用文字记录(如故事)来捕捉和表现,也无法收集到材料样本(如种子)。因此,对跨国商业瑜伽的研究投资于以下领域:(1)追踪对传统知识实践(如瑜伽)的新理解,(2)追踪由于知识产权法的发展而出现的新财产概念,(3)研究市场如何融合传统,以及(4)重新阐明公共和私人领域之间的界限。这项研究将有助于更好地理解如何理解财产的概念。

项目成果

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William Maurer其他文献

William Maurer的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('William Maurer', 18)}}的其他基金

NSF Convergence Accelerator Track F: An Algorithmic Observatory to Address Financial Misinformation and Disinformation in Minoritized Communities (LOI ID: L02616265)
NSF 融合加速器轨道 F:解决少数群体中的财务错误信息和虚假信息的算法观察站(LOI ID:L02616265)
  • 批准号:
    2137567
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Situating the Effects of Public US Environmental Policy Making
博士论文研究:美国公共环境政策制定的影响定位
  • 批准号:
    1728549
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
EAGER: Piloting a multi-campus training program in algorithmic processes, data analytics and mobile computing for sociolegal scholars
EAGER:为社会法学者试行算法流程、数据分析和移动计算方面的多校区培训计划
  • 批准号:
    1724735
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Property, Law, and Markets
博士论文研究:财产、法律和市场
  • 批准号:
    1627793
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Private Digital Currencies and Closed Payment Communities: Law, Regulation and Financial Exclusion After Bitcoin
私人数字货币和封闭支付社区:比特币之后的法律、法规和金融排斥
  • 批准号:
    1455859
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Crystallizing Value: Mining and Market Making
博士论文研究:价值结晶:挖矿和做市
  • 批准号:
    1459220
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Impact of New Security Technologies on Urban Life
博士论文研究:新安全技术对城市生活的影响
  • 批准号:
    1423386
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Seismic Politics: The Scientific Development of an Early Alert System Infrastructure in Mexico
博士论文研究:地震政治:墨西哥早期预警系统基础设施的科学发展
  • 批准号:
    1357388
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grants: An Anthropological Examination of Algorithmic Recommendation System Design
博士论文研究改进资助:算法推荐系统设计的人类学检验
  • 批准号:
    1323834
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grants: Finding Blight: Code Enforcement in Post-Katrina New Orleans
博士论文研究改进补助金:寻找枯萎病:卡特里娜飓风后新奥尔良的法规执行
  • 批准号:
    1224091
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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