Mobile Money, Mobile Regulation: What the "Savings Challenge" Means for Mobile Communications and Banking

移动货币，移动监管：“储蓄挑战”对移动通信和银行的意义摘要在肯尼亚，超过600万人订阅了一项名为M-PESA的服务，通过手机廉价而安全地向亲朋好友汇款。在菲律宾，人们可以通过名为Globe GCash的类似服务向偏远岛屿上的家人汇款，目前有200万人使用该服务。在世界各地，像这样的移动电话货币服务正在蓬勃发展。鉴于“移动货币”的出现速度之快，“移动货币”的部署往往先于监管指引。当电信公司进入转账和银行业务时，可能会发生文化冲突，给消费者、银行和金融系统本身带来风险。谁持有这些存款，当他们坐在人们的账户上时，他们用这些存款做了什么？如果你的手机丢了，你的积蓄会随身携带吗？该项目依赖于对监管机构和行业参与者的采访；档案数据收集和分析；以及行业和监管网站的民族志，以了解围绕移动货币新兴法规的辩论和知识转移。它询问监管创新来自哪里；监管机构如何在行业和非营利行为者之间进行三角划分；发展中国家之间的监管知识转移是否已经变得比从发达国家向发展中国家转移更重要；对移动货币的监管是否可以被视为监管趋同或俘获的一个例子。这项研究将加深对快速技术和经济转型条件下监管变化的理解。它有可能影响移动货币的监管框架。它还将有助于调整发展战略的重点，从小额供资转向小额储蓄。如果各种监管障碍能够以谨慎的方式克服，兼顾风险、安全和消费者保护，那么用于储蓄的移动货币有可能改变非常贫穷人群的生活，因为对他们来说，储蓄的进入门槛和成本太高了。

Mobile Money, Mobile Regulation: What the "Savings Challenge" Means for Mobile Communications and BankingAbstractIn Kenya, over 6 million people subscribe to a service called M-PESA to send money to their friends and relatives cheaply and securely over their mobile phones. In the Philippines, people can remit money to family members on remote islands through a similar service called Globe GCASH, now used by 2 million people. Around the world, mobile phone-enabled money services like these are taking off. Given the rapidity of its emergence, "mobile money" is often being deployed in advance of regulatory guidelines. When telecommunications companies get into the business of money transfer and banking, there is the potential for a clash of cultures as well as risks to consumers, banks and the financial system itself. Who holds the deposits, and what do they do with them while they sit in people's accounts? If you lose your phone, do your savings go with it? This project relies on interviews with regulatory and industry participants; archival data collection and analysis; and ethnography in industry and regulatory sites to understand the debates and knowledge transfers around emerging regulations for mobile money. It asks where regulatory innovations come from; how regulators triangulate among industry and nonprofit actors; whether regulatory knowledge transfers between developing world countries have become more important than from the developed to the developing world; and whether the regulation of mobile money can be seen as an instance of regulatory convergence or capture. The research will enhance understanding of regulatory change under conditions of rapid technological and economic transformation. It has the potential to influence regulatory frameworks for mobile money. It will also contribute to refocusing development strategies from microfinance to microsavings. If various regulatory barriers can be overcome in a prudent manner that attends to risk, security and consumer protection, then mobile money for savings has the potential to transform the lives of the very poor, for whom the entry barriers and costs of savings are too high.