Collaborative Research: Productivity Differences, Firm Evolution, and Worker Reallocation

本课题的目的是构建和估计一个工资、就业和增长的均衡模型。该方法是基于Klette和Kortum（2002）开发的企业创新和进化的动态模型。在他们的模型中，总增长被视为企业研发投资的结果。这个过程是熊彼特式的。创造性的破坏。即新产品取代旧产品，如Grossman和Helpman（1991）以及Howitt和Aghion（1992）的理论。对这种方法感兴趣有几个原因。首先，这与企业研发投入和专利申请以及企业劳动力规模演变的实证证据相一致。其次，它提供了一个劳动力需求模型，可以用来匹配工人流入和流出雇用企业以及企业规模分布的基本特征。最后，该模型在劳动力市场政策、生产率演变、经济增长和就业之间建立了明确的联系。其中提出的第一项任务是完成一个模型的公式，该模型可以使用匹配的雇主-雇员数据进行估计。估计策略利用了模型的随机结构和经验事实，即企业在其使用的投入的生产率方面存在差异。这些差异使人们能够估计企业扩张的成本，以及企业劳动力中工人的数量和组成与其产出价值之间的生产函数关系。虽然最初PI打算使用丹麦的薪酬和绩效数据来估计模型的结构，但他们也希望使用纵向研究（LRD）和纵向雇主-家庭动态（LEHD）美国数据库来估计它。跨国比较对于拟议的政策应用是必不可少的。给定结构参数估计，目标是探索模型。对总体冲击的周期性反应和劳动力市场政策的福利效应的定量影响。该模型是否解释了观察到的投资、就业、工资、工人和工作流动的周期性变化幅度以及它们之间的动态关系？工资税、失业救济金、雇佣补贴和就业保护对工资、就业和增长的潜在影响有多大？这些问题的答案对整个社会至关重要。例如，这项研究应该提供新的见解，解释为什么近几十年来许多欧洲国家的就业和生产率增长落后于美国。更广泛的影响：主要研究人员将为本科生提供参与项目活动的机会。他们这样做的主要方式是作为研究助理。此外，他们希望在项目的基础上，开发一门宏观劳动经济学课程，既适合高年级学生，也适合经济学和政策分析研究生。S建模方法及结果。

The purpose of the project is to construct and estimate an equilibrium model of wages, employment and growth. The approach is based on a dynamic model of firm innovation and evolution developed by Klette and Kortum (2002). In their model, aggregate growth is viewed as the result of research and development investments made by firms. The process is one of Schumpeterian .creative destruction. in which new products replace old ones as in the theories of Grossman and Helpman (1991) and Howitt and Aghion (1992). There are several reasons for interest in the approach. First, it is consistent with empirical evidence on research and development investment made and patents filed by firms as wells as the evolution of firm labor force size. Second, it provides a model of labor demand that can be used to match the essential characteristics of worker flows into an out of employing firms as well as the size distribution of firms. Finally, the model establishes a clear link between labor market policies, the evolution of productivity and economic growth and employment. The first task among those proposed is to complete a formulation of the model that can be estimated using matched employer-employee data. The estimation strategy exploits the stochastic structure of the model and the empirical fact that firms differ with respect to the productivity of the inputs that they employ. These differences allow one to estimate the cost of firm expansion as well as the production function relationship between the quantity and composition of workers in the labor force of a firm and its value of output. Although initially the PI's intend to use the Danish Pay and Performance data to estimate the structure of the model, they also hope to estimate it using Longitudinal Research (LRD) and Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) U.S. databases. Cross country comparisons are essential for the policy applications proposed. Given the structural parameter estimates, the objective is to explore the model.s quantitative implications for cyclical responses to aggregate shocks and for the welfare effects of labor market policy. Does the model explain the observed magnitudes of cyclical variation in investment, employment, wages, and worker and job flows and the dynamic relationships among them? What are the implied magnitudes of the effects of payroll taxes, unemployment benefits, hiring subsidies and employment protection on wages, employment and growth? The answer to these questions is of critical importance to society at large. For example, the research should provide new insight into why employment and productivity growth in many European countries has lagged that of the U.S. in recent decades. Broader Impact: The principal investigators will offer the opportunity for undergraduates to engage in the activities of the project. The principal way in which they will do so is as research assistants. In addition, they would like to develop a macro-labor economics course, suitable for upper class majors as well as graduate students in economics and policy analysis, based on the project.s modeling approach and results.