Development of Microwave and Lidar Instrumentation to Enhance the University of Wisconsin Facilities for State-of-the Art Cloud Observations

该项目在现有的仪器套件中增加了一个高光谱分辨率激光雷达（HSRL）和一个3波段微波剖面仪，极大地扩展了威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校空间科学与工程中心（UW SSEC）从屋顶和移动气象实验室远程感知大气的能力。SSEC已经在世界各地开发和部署了大气发射辐射干涉仪（AERIs）；AERI是一种基于地面的仪器，以高光谱分辨率常规测量下行红外辐射。其他现有的仪器包括一个雷达探空仪发射和接收系统。利用其他资源获取多滤光片旋转阴影带辐射计（MFRSR）和全天空成像仪（TSI），分别提供太阳衍生的气溶胶光学深度和云分数。将把这些新仪器并入现有的流动气象实验室，进行若干领域的研究。范例研究包括：1)与其他研究所合作进行气溶胶特性和运输的激光雷达测量，作为区域东部大气激光雷达Mesonet （REALM）的一部分，这是一个空气质量监测项目。2)结合地面和卫星观测研究卷云特性。3)解决GPS综合水汽反演与微波、红外地面被动观测的差异。(4)加强被动与主动相结合的气象热力和云性检索算法的开发。5)利用微波辐射计提供微波区域内的校准辐射，改进正向辐射传输模型计算，支持数据同化研究。(6)拓展遥感云微物理和宏观物理特性知识。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校通过项目资金和间接投资支持移动气象实验室的维护和其他仪器的开发。科学家和学生在各种研究项目中利用这些地面和飞机观测资料。移动实验室将放置这些仪器，在过去5年中参与了12个实地项目。有了新的工具，这种水平的实地方案参与将保持下去，如果不是因为能力的提高而增加的话。当不在现场时，移动气象实验室将对学生开放。该计划的另一个目标是通过更好地将设施纳入课程材料来提高学生的参与度。通过整合仪器，支持两位目前没有参与这些实地项目的教师的研究，pi将扩大学生群体，他们将受益并从移动实验室学习。通过与几个姐妹机构结成联盟，为来自代表性不足群体的大量学生提供服务，在研究经历中使用该设备的学生的数量和多样性将进一步增加。

This project adds a High-Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and a 3-band microwave profiler to an existing suite of instrumentation to greatly extend the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center's (UW SSEC) ability to remotely sense the atmosphere from its rooftop and from its mobile weather lab. SSEC has developed and deployed Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs) around the world; AERI is a ground-based instrument that routinely measures the downwelling infrared radiance at high spectral resolution. Other existing instrumentation includes a rawinsonde launch and receiver system. A Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) and Total Sky Imager (TSI) are being acquired using other resources to provide solar derived aerosol optical depth and cloud fraction respectively. Several areas of research will be undertaken with these new instruments by incorporating them into their existing mobile weather laboratory. Example studies include:1) Collaborating with other institutes in lidar measurements of aerosol properties and transport as part of the Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet (REALM), an air quality monitoring program.2) Combining ground-based and satellite observations to study cirrus cloud properties.3) Resolving differences between GPS integrated water vapor retrievals, and microwave and infrared ground-based passive observations.4) Enhancing the development of meteorological thermodynamic and cloud property retrieval algorithms using combined passive and active observations.5) Improving forward radiative transfer model calculations to support data assimilation studies by using the microwave radiometer to provide calibrated radiances within the microwave region.6) Expanding knowledge of remote sensing cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties.The University of Wisconsin-Madison supports the maintenance of the mobile weather lab and other instrument development through project funding and overhead investment. Scientists and students make use of these ground based and aircraft observations in a variety of research programs. The mobile lab, which will house the instruments, participated in 12 field programs over the last 5 years. With the new instruments this level of field program participation will be maintained, if not increased as a result of increased capability. When not in the field, the mobile weather lab will be accessible to students. A further goal of this program is to increase the involvement of students by better incorporating the facilities into course material. By incorporating instrumentation that supports the research of two faculty members currently not involved in these field programs, the PIs will expand the group of students who will benefit and learn from the mobile lab. By forming alliances with several sister institutions serving significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups, the number and diversity of students utilizing this equipment during research experiences will further increase.