Acquisition of Geophysical Survey Equipment and Computer Processing Support for Archaeology

为考古学获取地球物理测量设备和计算机处理支持

• 批准号: 0619464
• 负责人: George Crothers
• 金额: $ 9.37万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0619464&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Acquisition; Geophysical; Survey; Equipment; Computer

With the support of a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation award, the University of Kentucky will acquire three geophysical survey instruments and create a computer laboratory to process geophysical data for archaeological research. The geophysical and computer equipment will form the nucleus of a new Archaeological Geophysics Laboratory housed in the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology at UK. Faculty, students, and research staff in the departments of Anthropology and Geography will be the primary users of this equipment; however, researchers in other UK departments and in surrounding Kentucky institutions can have access to this equipment for research purposes. Geophysical survey refers to multiple techniques that measure variation in near-surface physical properties of the ground, such as mineral magnetics, electromagnetic conductivity, electrical resistance, and ground density. Buried features, like stone or brick foundations; variation in sedimentary structure and ground moisture, such as in archaeological deposits, trenches, mounds, and burial vaults; and other subsurface features have characteristic signatures that geophysical instruments can detect. Based on the measured variation in geophysical properties over a site, buried features and deposits can be accurately located and mapped without extensive excavation or other ground disturbing methods. Researchers can use the information acquired during a geophysical survey to design cost-effective excavation strategies, reveal large-scale community patterning, and identify culturally sensitive human burial sites. Projects currently planned to use geophysical survey in field research include investigation of prehistoric shell midden sites in the Green River region of central Kentucky; coastal shell midden sites and an early Spanish Mission site on Sapelo Island, Georgia; community structure of late prehistoric Fort Ancient sites in the Bluegrass and Eastern Mountains of Kentucky; identification of fortifications, prison foundations, and cemetery areas at Camp Nelson Civil War Park, Kentucky; and research at the Olmec site of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Future projects include investigation of Late Prehistoric sites in Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia; investigation of pueblo sites in Grand Canyon National Park; identification of buried shell midden sites in the Falls of the Ohio River region of Indiana and Kentucky; identification of buried saltpeter mining works at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky; and survey of West Virginia frontier forts.The acquisition of three new geophysical instruments - a resistivity survey system, a magnetic survey system, and a ground penetrating radar unit - will complement the Museum's existing geophysical survey capabilities and allow UK to take a leading role in applying geophysical techniques to archaeological research, develop expertise in the application of these techniques, and provide training and opportunities for students to incorporate this technology into their research. Training of graduate and undergraduate students in these technologies will provide them with the skills necessary to successfully compete in the job market as these technologies become routine in fieldwork. Land managers, heritage professionals, and American Indian Tribal representatives increasingly prefer the application of these technologies because they are non-invasive, cost effective, and help to preserve sensitive cultural resources.

在国家科学基金会重大研究仪器奖的支持下，肯塔基州大学将获得三个地球物理调查仪器，并创建一个计算机实验室来处理考古研究的地球物理数据。 地球物理和计算机设备将成为新的考古地球物理实验室的核心，该实验室位于威廉S。韦伯人类学博物馆（Webb Museum of Anthropology） 人类学系和地理系的教师、学生和研究人员将是该设备的主要用户;但是，英国其他系和周边肯塔基州机构的研究人员可以使用该设备进行研究。 地球物理测量是指测量地面近地表物理性质变化的多种技术，例如矿物磁性、电磁传导性、电阻和地面密度。 埋藏的特征，如石头或砖基;沉积结构和地面水分的变化，如考古沉积物，战壕，土丘和埋葬拱顶;以及其他地下特征具有地球物理仪器可以检测到的特征标志。 根据测量到的一个地点的地球物理性质的变化，可以准确地定位和绘制被掩埋的特征和矿床，而无需大规模挖掘或其他地面干扰方法。 研究人员可以利用在地球物理调查中获得的信息来设计具有成本效益的挖掘策略，揭示大规模的社区模式，并确定文化敏感的人类埋葬地点。 目前计划在实地研究中使用地球物理调查的项目包括调查肯塔基州中部绿色河地区的史前贝冢遗址;沿海贝冢遗址和格鲁吉亚萨佩洛岛早期西班牙使命遗址;肯塔基州蓝草和东部山脉的史前晚期古堡遗址的群落结构;在肯塔基州的营地纳尔逊内战公园的防御工事、监狱地基和墓地的鉴定;以及在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州特雷斯萨波特斯的奥尔梅克遗址的研究。 未来的项目包括调查西弗吉尼亚州莫农加希拉国家森林的史前晚期遗址;调查大峡谷国家公园的普韦布洛遗址;查明印第安纳州和肯塔基州俄亥俄州河福尔斯地区的埋藏贝壳垃圾场;查明肯塔基州猛犸洞国家公园的埋藏硝石采矿工程;和西弗吉尼亚州边境的调查。获得三个新的地球物理仪器-电阻率调查系统，磁力调查系统，和一个探地雷达装置-将补充博物馆现有的地球物理调查能力，并使英国在将地球物理技术应用于考古研究方面发挥主导作用，发展应用这些技术的专门知识，并为学生提供培训和机会，将这种技术纳入他们的研究。 对研究生和本科生进行这些技术的培训将为他们提供在就业市场上成功竞争所需的技能，因为这些技术在实地工作中已成为常规。 土地管理者、遗产专业人士和美洲印第安部落代表越来越喜欢应用这些技术，因为它们是非侵入性的，具有成本效益，并有助于保护敏感的文化资源。