Corinth Virtual Site Survey: Integrating Geophysical Data for Syn-rift Stratigraphy, Fault and Basin Evolution and Advancing IODP Proposed Drilling

科林斯虚拟现场调查：整合同裂谷地层学、断层和盆地演化的地球物理数据并推进 IODP 提议的钻探

• 批准号: NE/J006564/1
• 负责人: Lisa McNeill
• 金额: $ 26.63万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ006564%2F1
• 关键词: Corinth; Virtual; Site; Survey; Integrating

The breaking apart of a continent to form extended continental margins and ultimately ocean basins is a process that can last for 10s of millions of years. The start of this process of rifting is thought to contribute significantly to the structure and sedimentary layering of the continental margins that have formed by its end. Often the details of how rifting initiates and develops in the first few million years are lost in the complexities of deformation and thick sediment layers beneath the continent's edges. To understand the early phases, we have to study areas where rifting has only recently started, and the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, is a key example in its first few millions of years of history. Across the Gulf, the two sides of the rift are moving apart at up to 20 mm every year and this high rate of extension results in numerous earthquakes which historically have been very destructive. The rapid extension also results in a rapidly developing rift basin which is partially submerged beneath the sea and filling with sediments. Within the Gulf, a large volume of marine geophysical data has been collected, including detailed maps of the seabed, as well as seismic data that use sound sources to give cross-sections of material beneath the seabed. The seismic data allow us to directly image the accumulated sediment layers and to identify faults that offset the layers and create the basin. This project will integrate these data to make a very detailed interpretation of the sediment layers (and their likely age) and fault planes. Imaging and assigning ages to the layers, by comparing with models of climate and sea level change, allows us to determine how the basin has developed through time. The fault planes imaged by the data generate the extension and subsidence of the rift, and their history of activity controls how the basin develops. The results will be used to generate the first high resolution model of rift development over the initial few million years of a rift's history and will help to address some of the unanswered questions of how continents break apart. The model will be used by a range of scientists, including those trying to understand how tectonics, landscape morphology and climate all interact to cause sediments to move from one place to another: rift basins are one of the main sinks for sediments and we will calculate how the volume of sediment delivered to the Corinth basin has changed with time, as faults move and as climate changes. The majority of the world's petroleum resources are found in old rifts, but often details of how the rift developed and the detailed geometry of the rock units in which the oil is now found are masked by other geological processes and by shallower sediment layers. Understanding the early rift processes is important for determining where and what kind of sediments will be deposited in different parts of the basin with time. We will also analyse details of how individual faults grow and interact with other faults in the rift: this process affects where sediments enter a rift basin and is therefore also important for identifying petroleum reservoirs.The rift faults are responsible for the destructive earthquakes in central Greece, so this project's analysis of fault location and rate of slip will also help us to better understand the potential hazard, increasing the potential for reduction of associated risk.Ultimately, the project will be used to select sites for drilling and sampling the sediments of the rift zone, through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. These samples would provide: the actual age of sediment layers, and hence well resolved slip rates for each active fault and a test for the rift models generated here; and the types of sediments, that will tell us more about the regional climate of the last few millions of years and where sediments that typically form hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in this analogue for older rift systems like the North Sea.

一个大陆的分裂形成扩展的大陆边缘，并最终形成海洋盆地，这是一个可以持续数千万年的过程。据认为，这一裂谷过程的开始对在其结束时形成的大陆边的结构和沉积分层有重大影响。在最初的几百万年里，裂谷如何开始和发展的细节往往被大陆边缘下复杂的变形和厚厚的沉积层所掩盖。为了了解早期阶段，我们必须研究裂谷作用最近才开始的地区，希腊的科林斯湾是其最初几百万年历史的一个关键例子。在整个海湾地区，裂谷的两侧每年以高达20毫米的速度移动，这种高速度的延伸导致了许多地震，这些地震在历史上具有非常大的破坏性。快速的伸展也导致了一个快速发展的裂谷盆地，该盆地部分淹没在海底，并充满了沉积物。在海湾内，收集了大量海洋地球物理数据，包括详细的海底地图，以及利用声源提供海底下物质横截面的地震数据。地震数据使我们能够直接对堆积的沉积层成像，并识别使沉积层偏移并形成盆地的断层。该项目将整合这些数据，对沉积层（及其可能的年龄）和断层面进行非常详细的解释。通过与气候和海平面变化模型进行比较，对地层进行成像和年龄分配，使我们能够确定盆地如何随着时间的推移而发展。由数据成像的断层面产生了裂谷的延伸和沉降，它们的活动历史控制了盆地的发展。研究结果将用于生成第一个高分辨率的裂谷发展模型，该模型在裂谷历史的最初几百万年中，将有助于解决大陆如何分裂的一些未解问题。该模型将被一系列科学家使用，包括那些试图了解构造，景观形态和气候如何相互作用，导致沉积物从一个地方移动到另一个地方的科学家：裂谷盆地是沉积物的主要汇之一，我们将计算输送到科林斯盆地的沉积物的体积如何随着时间的推移而变化，断层移动和气候变化。世界上大多数石油资源都是在古老的裂谷中发现的，但裂谷如何发展的细节以及现在发现石油的岩石单元的详细几何形状往往被其他地质过程和较浅的沉积层所掩盖。了解早期裂谷过程对于确定盆地不同部分随时间推移将沉积在何处以及何种沉积物非常重要。我们还将分析个别断层如何生长以及与裂谷中其他断层相互作用的细节：这一过程影响沉积物进入裂谷盆地的位置，因此对识别石油储层也很重要。裂谷断层是希腊中部破坏性地震的原因，因此本项目对断层位置和滑动速度的分析也将有助于我们更好地了解潜在的危险，最终，该项目将用于通过综合大洋钻探方案选择钻探地点和对裂谷带沉积物取样。这些样本将提供：沉积层的实际年龄，因此，每个活动断层的滑动速率以及对这里生成的裂谷模型的测试;以及沉积物的类型，这将告诉我们更多关于过去几百万年的区域气候以及通常形成油气藏的沉积物位于北海等古老裂谷系统的模拟中。

项目成果

Rapid spatiotemporal variations in rift structure during development of the Corinth Rift, central Greece

• DOI: 10.1002/2015tc004026
• 发表时间: 2016-05
• 期刊: Tectonics
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: C. Nixon;L. McNeill;J. Bull;R. Bell;R. Gawthorpe;T. Henstock;D. Christodoulou;M. Ford;B. Taylor;D. Sakellariou;G. Ferentinos;G. Papatheodorou;M. Leeder;R. Collier;A. Goodliffe;M. Sachpazi;H. Kranis

Drilling to Resolve the Evolution of the Corinth Rift IODP Ocean Drilling Within the Corinth Rift, Greece; Athens, Greece, 11-14 February 2014

钻探解决科林斯裂谷演化问题 IODP 希腊科林斯裂谷内的海洋钻探；

• DOI: 10.1002/2014eo200009
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
• 作者: McNeill L

Basin evolution, organization of faulting and the distribution of displacement within the Gulf of Corinth rift

科林斯湾裂谷内的盆地演化、断层组织和位移分布

• 作者: Casey Nixon (Author)

High-angle, not low-angle, normal faults dominate early rift extension in the Corinth Rift, central Greece

• DOI: 10.1130/g39560.1
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: R. Bell;G. Duclaux;C. Nixon;R. Gawthorpe;L. McNeill

High-resolution record reveals climate-driven environmental and sedimentary changes in an active rift.

高分辨率记录揭示了活跃裂谷中气候驱动的环境和沉积变化。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40022-w
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: McNeill LC