Sharing Innovation Across Government Organizations

跨政府组织共享创新

• 批准号: 0621242
• 负责人: David Lazer
• 金额: $ 19.64万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0621242&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sharing; Innovation; Across; Government; Organizations

The sharing of knowledge about valuable innovations is a fundamental prerequisite to the effective operation of an organization. The public sector in the US offers some special challenges to the sharing of knowledge because of the federal nature of the government and because of tendencies for functions to be distributed geographically across our large country.It is sometimes hoped that various information and communication technologies (ICT) could make geography nearly irrelevant, making it as easy to communicate with someone across the country as next door. Of course, technology merely creates the outer bounds of what is possible. Simply because communication is cheap does not mean that it occurs. There are numerous societal, institutional, individual, and situational factors that limit the use of any modalities of communication (although often differentially). Individuals may be reluctant to reveal their ignorance through their questions; organizations may discourage sharing of information because of competitive concerns; or community-level norms of self-sufficiency may discourage asking questions. There is a need to understand how the particular modality of communication interplays with how people tap into different sources of knowledge, why they ask and answer questions the way they do, and where and how technology is helpful in improving knowledge sharing, paticularly knowledge about effective innovations. This study focuses on two fundamental questions: First, what search strategies do individuals adopt when looking for information; what determines the sequence of their search? Second, what motivates some individuals to share their knowledge, while other members of the community barely participate in an exchange, free riding on the information provided by others? The research team will explore these issues in DNA labs involved in the analysis of crime scene samples. This is a particularly innovation-intensive and a well-defined but geographically dispersed community. The knowledge-intensive nature of this work combined with the manageable, closed universe of participants, make this community an ideal laboratory for the study of impact of information technology on Knowledge sharing in a geographically dispersed community.

分享有价值的创新知识是一个组织有效运作的基本前提。 在美国，由于政府的联邦性质和职能分散在全国各地的倾向，公共部门在知识共享方面面临着一些特殊的挑战。人们有时希望各种信息通信技术（ICT）能够使地理位置变得几乎无关紧要，使与全国各地的人交流就像与隔壁的人交流一样容易。当然，技术只是创造了可能性的外部边界。 仅仅因为通信是廉价的，并不意味着它会发生。 有许多社会、机构、个人和情境因素限制了任何沟通方式的使用（尽管通常有差异）。 个人可能不愿意通过提问来暴露自己的无知;组织可能出于竞争的考虑而不鼓励分享信息;或者社区一级的自给自足规范可能不鼓励提问。 有必要了解特定的交流方式如何与人们如何利用不同的知识来源相互作用，为什么他们以这种方式提问和回答问题，以及技术在何处以及如何有助于改善知识共享，特别是关于有效创新的知识。 本研究着重于两个基本问题：第一，什么搜索策略时，个人采取寻找信息;是什么决定了他们的搜索顺序？ 第二，是什么促使一些人分享他们的知识，而社区的其他成员几乎不参与交流，免费乘坐他人提供的信息？ 研究小组将在参与犯罪现场样本分析的DNA实验室中探讨这些问题。 这是一个创新密集型的社区，定义明确，但地理位置分散。 这项工作的知识密集型性质，加上参与者的可管理性和封闭性，使这个社区成为研究信息技术对地理上分散的社区知识共享的影响的理想实验室。