SGER: Investigation of Potential Co-Introduction of Fucus serratus and Littorina littorea to North America in 1800s

SGER：1800 年代将墨角藻和 Littorina littorea 共同引入北美的可能性调查

• 批准号: 0622439
• 负责人: Susan Brawley
• 金额: $ 4.61万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-03-15 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0622439&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Investigation; Potential; Co; Introduction

This research will apply new approaches and expertise to understanding the probable invasion of North American intertidal zones by the herbivorous snail Littorina littorea in the 1800s. The investigator developed the following hypothesis during her recent analyses of late 1700s to mid-1800s shipping records: Fucus serratus and Littorina littorea were co-introduced into North America from Britain via the dumping of intertidal rock ballast in ships arriving at Pictou Harbor during the massive emigration of nearly 40,000 Scots (and some Irish and English) in the late 1700s-mid-1800s. This hypothesis will be tested using innovative molecular techniques (i.e., assay of nuclear and mitochondrial loci with primers that have already been developed for population genetic and phylogeographic studies in both species). Snails and algae will be collected and screened from Pictou (Canada) and 3-4 of the best candidate sites from Britain, based on the frequency of arrivals of ships from different British ports near the time of the putative introductions. The investigator will attempt to determine whether genotypes have remained stable over time (mid-1800s compared to today) in Pictou with herbarium material of F. serratus from the 1800s. The broader impacts include: demonstrating that Pictou Harbor was an epicenter for marine invasions in the last century. This, in turn, should lead to discoveries of other co-introduced species and confirm and extend our theoretical understanding of the trajectory of marine invasions based on different life histories and dispersal strategies of the species (e.g., L. littorea produces larvae; F. serratus produces rapidly attaching zygotes). The proposed SGER should lead to a full, collaborative proposal to pursue the co-introduction and broader multi-species invasion questions within a year.

这项研究将应用新的方法和专业知识来了解19世纪食草蜗牛Littorina littorea可能入侵北美潮间带。在她最近对18世纪末至19世纪中期航运记录的分析中，研究者提出了以下假设：在18世纪末至19世纪中期，近4万名苏格兰人（以及一些爱尔兰人和英国人）大规模移民期间，通过在抵达皮克图港的船只上倾倒潮间带岩石压舱物，Fucus serratus和Littorina littorea从英国共同引入北美。这一假设将使用创新的分子技术进行检验（即，使用已经为两个物种的种群遗传和系统地理研究开发的引物对核和线粒体位点进行测定）。蜗牛和藻类将从Pictou（加拿大）和英国的3-4个最佳候选地点收集和筛选，筛选依据是在假定的引入时间附近来自不同英国港口的船舶到达的频率。研究人员将尝试确定Pictou的基因型是否随着时间的推移（19世纪中期与今天相比）保持稳定，并使用19世纪的serratus的植物标本。更广泛的影响包括：证明皮图港是上个世纪海洋入侵的中心。反过来，这将导致其他共同引入物种的发现，并根据物种的不同生活史和扩散策略（例如，L. littorea产生幼虫；F. serratus产生快速附着的受精卵）确认和扩展我们对海洋入侵轨迹的理论认识。拟议的SGER应在一年内形成一个全面的、合作的建议，以追求共同引进和更广泛的多物种入侵问题。