Neighbors and the New Geographies of Europe: Non-Accession Integration and the Changing Exercise of Sovereignty in the Euro-Mediterranean Region

欧洲联盟邻国政策最近应用于欧洲-地中海地区正在出现的地缘政治和经济地理，正在创建新的机构来管理欧洲联盟（欧盟）在加入和扩大后与其邻国之间的关系。该研究项目将解决以下问题：“如果加入欧盟和欧盟扩大不是目标，欧盟边界和经济一体化政策的后果是什么？”核心假设是，欧洲邻国政策的两个方面共同改变了欧洲“邻国”的地理位置，并创造了区域一体化和不同类型空间的新地理位置，在这些地理位置中，边界变得更具可塑性。此外，欧盟和国家机构的管辖权正在扩大，新的社会行为者、机构和思维方式正在出现，以管理这些边境交易。这些新的行为体对基本理解主权、公民身份以及领土表达和行使权利具有深远的影响。研究将在参与制定和实施这些政策的机构所在的五个城市进行：比利时布鲁塞尔；波兰华沙;奥地利维也纳;马德里,西班牙;摩洛哥的拉巴特。调查员还将重点关注摩洛哥的国家和地方政府机构、参与跨境开发的企业和国际买家，以及摩洛哥的移民和移民支持团体。在北非，研究将主要集中在休达；梅利利亚;Nador;Fnideq;和坦吉尔。这些地点是正在实施新的边界流程的关键地点。研究者将探索这些项目如何影响当地机构和实践，重新配置标量动态，并在官僚、企业、工人、地方政府和移民之间产生社会反应。实地研究将遵循迁移路线上的管理做法，重点关注其中最重要的做法；西非和摩洛哥之间的跨撒哈拉路线。本项目将探讨欧盟邻国政策的新制度创新如何改变欧盟与其邻国之间的关系。该项目将调查将边境管理扩展到传统民族国家边界以外的邻国和其他第三国领土（边界外部化）。它将侧重于旨在创造就业机会和区域发展（经济一体化）的跨境经济发展。摩洛哥和摩洛哥-西班牙边境是特别重要的地方，这些边界外部化和跨界经济一体化的新政策的制定和执行速度最快，影响最大。欧盟将摩洛哥视为这些加入欧盟后地区战略的一个试验案例。这些项目很重要，不仅因为它们为欧洲-地中海国家创造了新的地理环境和机会，还因为它们形成了一种自然的实验，以检验区域经济发展、区域稳定、欧盟-北非背景下的移民政策不同于过去十年在中欧和东欧实施的政策，也不同于美国目前为应对墨西哥和其他中美洲国家面临的类似挑战所做的努力。因此，该项目将对与其他区域一体化和稳定项目有关的更广泛的研究和政策问题作出重大贡献。

The recent application of European Union Neighborhood Policy to the emerging geopolitical and economic geographies of the Euro-Mediterranean region is creating new institutions to manage the relationship between the European Union (EU) and its neighbors after accession and enlargement. This research project will address the question "What are the consequences of EU border and economic integration policies where accession and EU enlargement are NOT a goal?" The central hypothesis is that two aspects of European Neighborhood Policy collectively are transforming the geographies of Europe's "neighborhood" and creating new geographies of regional integration and different kinds of spaces in which borders are being made more malleable. Furthermore, the jurisdiction of EU and state agencies are being extended, and new social actors, institutions, and ways of thinking are emerging to manage these border transactions. These new actors have profound implications for basic understanding of sovereignty, citizenship, and the territorial expression and exercise of rights. The research will take place in five cities where institutions involved in creating and implementing these policies are located: Brussels, Belgium; Warsaw, Poland; Vienna, Austria; Madrid, Spain; and Rabat, Morocco. The investigator also will focus on Moroccan national and local government agencies, on businesses and international buyers involved in cross-border development, and on migrants and migrant support groups in Morocco. In North Africa, the research will center primarily on Ceuta; Melilla; Nador; Fnideq; and Tanger. These locations are key sites where new bordering processes are being implemented. The investigator will explore how these programs are affecting local institutions and practices, reconfiguring the scalar dynamics, and generating social responses among bureaucrats, businesses, workers, local governments, and migrants. Field research will follow the management practices along migration routes, focusing on the most important of these; the trans-Saharan routes between West Africa and Morocco.This project will explore the ways in which new institutional innovations in European Union Neighborhood Policy are changing the relationship between the European Union and its neighbors. The project will investigate the extension of border management beyond traditional nation-state borders into neighboring and additional third country territories (border externalization)., and it will focus on cross-border economic development aimed at job creation and regional development (economic integration). Morocco and the Moroccan-Spanish border are particularly important sites where the development and implementation of these new policies of border externalization and cross-border economic integration have occurred most quickly and have had the greatest impact. The EU sees Morocco as a test case for these post-accession regional strategies. These are important programs not only for their effects in producing new geographies and opportunities for the Euro-Mediterranean countries, but also because they form a natural experiment to test how alternative paths to regional economic development, regional stability, and migration policy in the EU-North Africa context differ from those carried out in Central and Eastern Europe in the past decade and current U.S. efforts to address similar challenges with Mexico and other Central American countries. This project therefore will make significant contributions to broader research and policy questions relating to other regional integration and stabilization projects.