Neighbors and the New Geographies of Europe: Non-Accession Integration and the Changing Exercise of Sovereignty in the Euro-Mediterranean Region

最近将欧洲联盟邻里政策应用于欧洲-地中海区域新兴的地缘政治和经济地理区域，正在建立新的机构来管理加入和扩大后欧洲联盟(欧盟)与其邻国之间的关系。这项研究项目将解决这样一个问题：“在加入和扩大欧盟不是目标的情况下，欧盟边境和经济一体化政策会产生什么后果？”核心假设是，欧洲邻里政策的两个方面共同改变了欧洲“邻里”的地理位置，并创造了区域一体化的新地理位置和不同类型的空间，使边界变得更具延展性。此外，欧盟和国家机构的管辖权正在扩大，新的社会行为者、机构和思维方式正在涌现，以管理这些边境交易。这些新的行为者对对主权、公民身份以及领土表达和行使权利的基本理解具有深远的影响。这项研究将在参与制定和实施这些政策的机构所在的五个城市进行：比利时布鲁塞尔、波兰华沙、奥地利维也纳、西班牙马德里和摩洛哥拉巴特。调查员还将重点调查摩洛哥的国家和地方政府机构、参与跨境发展的企业和国际买家以及摩洛哥的移民和移民支持团体。在北非，研究将主要集中在休达、梅利利亚、纳多、芬尼德克和坦格尔。这些地点是实施新的边界流程的关键地点。调查人员将探索这些项目如何影响当地机构和做法，重新配置标量动态，并在官僚、企业、工人、地方政府和移民中产生社会反应。实地研究将跟踪移民路线沿线的管理做法，重点放在其中最重要的路线上，即西非和摩洛哥之间的跨撒哈拉路线。该项目将探索欧盟邻里政策中的新制度创新如何改变欧盟与其邻国之间的关系。该项目将研究将边界管理从传统的民族国家边界扩展到邻国和其他第三国领土(边界外部化)，并将重点放在旨在创造就业机会和区域发展(经济一体化)的跨境经济发展上。摩洛哥和摩洛哥-西班牙边界是特别重要的地点，这些边界外部化和跨界经济一体化新政策的制定和执行速度最快，影响最大。欧盟将摩洛哥视为这些加入后区域战略的试金石。这些计划之所以重要，不仅是因为它们为欧洲-地中海国家创造了新的地理位置和机会，还因为它们形成了一个自然的实验，以测试在欧盟-北非背景下实现区域经济发展、区域稳定和移民政策的替代路径与过去十年在中欧和东欧实施的路径以及美国目前为应对墨西哥和其他中美洲国家的类似挑战所做的努力有何不同。因此，该项目将对与其他区域一体化和稳定项目有关的更广泛的研究和政策问题作出重大贡献。

The recent application of European Union Neighborhood Policy to the emerging geopolitical and economic geographies of the Euro-Mediterranean region is creating new institutions to manage the relationship between the European Union (EU) and its neighbors after accession and enlargement. This research project will address the question "What are the consequences of EU border and economic integration policies where accession and EU enlargement are NOT a goal?" The central hypothesis is that two aspects of European Neighborhood Policy collectively are transforming the geographies of Europe's "neighborhood" and creating new geographies of regional integration and different kinds of spaces in which borders are being made more malleable. Furthermore, the jurisdiction of EU and state agencies are being extended, and new social actors, institutions, and ways of thinking are emerging to manage these border transactions. These new actors have profound implications for basic understanding of sovereignty, citizenship, and the territorial expression and exercise of rights. The research will take place in five cities where institutions involved in creating and implementing these policies are located: Brussels, Belgium; Warsaw, Poland; Vienna, Austria; Madrid, Spain; and Rabat, Morocco. The investigator also will focus on Moroccan national and local government agencies, on businesses and international buyers involved in cross-border development, and on migrants and migrant support groups in Morocco. In North Africa, the research will center primarily on Ceuta; Melilla; Nador; Fnideq; and Tanger. These locations are key sites where new bordering processes are being implemented. The investigator will explore how these programs are affecting local institutions and practices, reconfiguring the scalar dynamics, and generating social responses among bureaucrats, businesses, workers, local governments, and migrants. Field research will follow the management practices along migration routes, focusing on the most important of these; the trans-Saharan routes between West Africa and Morocco.This project will explore the ways in which new institutional innovations in European Union Neighborhood Policy are changing the relationship between the European Union and its neighbors. The project will investigate the extension of border management beyond traditional nation-state borders into neighboring and additional third country territories (border externalization)., and it will focus on cross-border economic development aimed at job creation and regional development (economic integration). Morocco and the Moroccan-Spanish border are particularly important sites where the development and implementation of these new policies of border externalization and cross-border economic integration have occurred most quickly and have had the greatest impact. The EU sees Morocco as a test case for these post-accession regional strategies. These are important programs not only for their effects in producing new geographies and opportunities for the Euro-Mediterranean countries, but also because they form a natural experiment to test how alternative paths to regional economic development, regional stability, and migration policy in the EU-North Africa context differ from those carried out in Central and Eastern Europe in the past decade and current U.S. efforts to address similar challenges with Mexico and other Central American countries. This project therefore will make significant contributions to broader research and policy questions relating to other regional integration and stabilization projects.