FIBR: From Genes to Ecosystems: How Do Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Interact in Nature?

FIBR：从基因到生态系统：生态和进化过程如何在自然界相互作用？

• 批准号: 0623632
• 负责人: David Reznick
• 金额: $ 500万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: FIBR; Genes; Ecosystems; How; Do

It is traditionally assumed that ecology shapes how organisms evolve but that evolutionary change within a species is too slow to affect ecology. However, it has recently been shown that evolution can be rapid, possibly rapid enough to shape ecological interactions. This project will be the first to experimentally evaluate the feedback between evolution and ecology in a natural setting. The focal ecosystem is streams in Trinidad inhabited by guppies, since rapid evolution has already been documented in these fish. Guppies will be introduced from sites where they co-occur with many predators to streams where only one predator, Rivulus, exists, then evaluate ecological and co-evolutionary interactions that result. Rivulus prey on guppies, but guppies also prey on Rivulus and the two fish species compete. This project will: 1) evaluate population dynamics, resource utilization, and evolution of Rivulus and the guppies, 2) quantify impacts of guppies and Rivulus on the stream ecosystem and 3) develop new theory to link ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Additional experiments in natural streams and artificial channels will define the cause/effect relationships. Methods include molecular genetic, mark-recapture, and laboratory studies to assess the evolution of guppies and Rivulus, and ecosystem studies to quantify how the structure and function of streams changes in concert with evolution of introduced guppies. This research will develop a conceptual framework that can be applied to any ecosystem and is relevant to conservation biology and the management of exploited populations. For example, commercial fishing often results in fish which are smaller and younger than previous generations. This problem has been studied primarily without regard to the impact of evolution, yet evolutionary processes may be at work. Incorporating evolution and eco-evolutionary interactions will enable us to better understand and solve such problems. This award will also support training for dozens of undergraduates, including visiting interns from minority institutions, plus at least seven graduate and five post-doctoral students. This is a highly collaborative, interdisciplinary, multi-institutional project led by David Reznick at the University of California-Riverside and including sub-awards to: Colorado State (Cameron Ghalambor), Cornell University (Alex Flecker), Florida State University (Joseph Travis), North Carolina State University (Jim Gilliam), University of Georgia (Catherine Pringle), University of Maine ( Michael Kinnison), Sienna College (Douglas Fraser), University of Miami (Don deAngelis), University of Arizona (Regis Ferriere), and University of Nebraska (Steve Thomas)

传统上认为生态决定了生物体的进化方式，但物种内部的进化变化太慢而无法影响生态。 然而，最近的研究表明，进化可以很快，可能快到足以塑造生态相互作用。 该项目将是第一个在自然环境中通过实验评估进化与生态之间的反馈的项目。 重点生态系统是特立尼达孔雀鱼栖息的溪流，因为这些鱼的快速进化已经被记录下来。 孔雀鱼将从与许多捕食者共存的地点被引入到只有一种捕食者 Rivulus 存在的溪流，然后评估由此产生的生态和共同进化相互作用。 Rivulus 捕食孔雀鱼，但孔雀鱼也捕食 Rivulus，两种鱼类相互竞争。 该项目将：1）评估Rivulus和孔雀鱼的种群动态、资源利用和进化，2）量化孔雀鱼和Rivulus对溪流生态系统的影响，3）开发连接生态和进化动力学的新理论。 在自然溪流和人工渠道中进行的额外实验将确定因果关系。 方法包括分子遗传学、标记重捕获和实验室研究，以评估孔雀鱼和Rivulus的进化，以及生态系统研究，以量化溪流的结构和功能如何随着引入孔雀鱼的进化而变化。这项研究将开发一个概念框架，可应用于任何生态系统，并与保护生物学和被剥削种群的管理相关。 例如，商业捕捞通常会导致鱼类比前几代更小、更年轻。 研究这个问题时主要没有考虑进化的影响，但进化过程可能正在发挥作用。 将进化和生态进化相互作用结合起来将使我们能够更好地理解和解决此类问题。 该奖项还将支持数十名本科生的培训，包括来自少数族裔机构的访问实习生，以及至少七名研究生和五名博士后学生。 这是一个高度协作、跨学科、多机构的项目，由加州大学河滨分校的 David Reznick 领导，包括以下子奖项：科罗拉多州立大学 (Cameron Ghalambor)、康奈尔大学 (Alex Flecker)、佛罗里达州立大学 (Joseph Travis)、北卡罗来纳州立大学 (Jim Gilliam)、佐治亚大学 (Catherine Pringle)、缅因大学 (Michael) Kinnison）、西耶纳学院（Douglas Fraser）、迈阿密大学（Don deAngelis）、亚利桑那大学（Regis Ferriere）和内布拉斯加大学（Steve Thomas）