Experimental evolution in natural populations of guppies

孔雀鱼自然种群的实验进化

• 批准号: 1258231
• 负责人: David Reznick
• 金额: $ 99.69万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258231&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; evolution; natural; populations; guppies

Evolution is a rapid process that can be studied experimentally in natural populations, yet we know much more about evolution as the ultimate cause of change over time than we do about how it works on a day to day basis. This study will reveal how and why evolution does or does not happen by quantifying the different factors that can contribute to the way organisms can change over time. The investigators are studying evolution by transplanting guppies from a portion of a stream in Trinidad where guppies co-occur with predators and sustain high mortality rates, into four headwater streams that were previously guppy-free and predator free. Prior research demonstrated that the lower mortality risk in such environments causes the evolution of life histories (maturity, number of offspring produced, lifespan) and other attributes (male coloration, courtship behavior, neuromuscular performance) within two to ten years. The current experiments extend that work by reconstructing the pedigrees of the evolving populations and by quantify differences among individuals in reproductive success, thus partitioning change over time into nongenetic (environmental or maternal effects) and genetic effects.The project will involve the participation of many undergraduate and graduate students, and continued outreach through a public website (cnas.ucr.edu/guppy) and in Trinidad. The project also strengthens international collaborations with scientists in Germany.

进化是一个快速的过程，可以在自然群体中进行实验研究，但我们对进化作为随时间变化的最终原因的了解，比我们对它如何日常运作的了解要多得多。这项研究将通过量化影响生物体随时间变化的不同因素，揭示进化发生或不发生的方式和原因。研究人员正在通过将孔雀鱼从特立尼达岛部分溪流中移植到以前没有孔雀鱼和掠食者的四个源头溪流来研究进化，孔雀鱼与捕食者共存并维持高死亡率。先前的研究表明，此类环境中较低的死亡风险会导致生命史（成熟度、产生的后代数量、寿命）和其他属性（雄性颜色、求偶行为、神经肌肉表现）在两到十年内发生演变。目前的实验通过重建不断进化的种群的谱系和量化个体之间在繁殖成功方面的差异来扩展这项工作，从而将随时间的变化分为非遗传（环境或母体影响）和遗传影响。该项目将涉及许多本科生和研究生的参与，并通过公共网站（cnas.ucr.edu/guppy）和特立尼达继续进行推广。该项目还加强了与德国科学家的国际合作。