Optimizing Airport Construction Site Layouts to Maximize Aviation Safety and Security

为应付现时及预期增加的航空交通需求，大量大型机场的建造及扩建工程正在进行及计划中。这些项目包括扩建航站楼、跑道和滑行道，这些项目通常在靠近关键机场区域的地方进行。这种近距离增加了对航空安全和机场安保的危害程度，并向施工规划者提出了关键和严重的施工现场布局规划挑战，包括：如何优化现场布局规划，以解决最大限度地提高航空安全，最大限度地提高机场安全性和最大限度地降低施工现场布局成本的冲突目标；以及如何在动态变化的建筑环境中保持已开发的场地布局方案的最优性。本项目采用整合多目标和动态优化方法的原始概念来解决这些场地布局规划挑战，使建筑规划者能够识别并频繁更新一组最佳场地布局规划，这些规划在冲突的场地布局规划目标之间提供最佳权衡。本项目的主要研究目标是：(1)开发新的机场建设场地布局多目标优化模型，该模型能够最大限度地控制机场关键区域附近的建筑碎片危害，最大限度地减少吸引野生动物到机场建设场地的危害，最大限度地减少和消除建筑工地可能产生的所有潜在安全漏洞，并最大限度地降低总体场地布局成本；(2)开发强大的信息技术框架，能够支持动态优化和最优施工现场布局规划的持续更新，并提供生成的最优解决方案的增强可视化。该项目整合了来自多个学科的先进方法，包括建筑和机场工程、进化计算、信息技术和面向对象建模，以解决现有知识和对多目标和动态站点布局优化的理解中的基本和关键差距。本项目对以下方面产生了广泛而深刻的影响：(1)建筑工程教育；(2)建筑业；(3)社会。对于建筑工程教育，该项目侧重于开发教材和模块，并将其整合到本科和研究生两门课程中。对于建筑行业，研究进展为建筑规划者和机场运营商提供了新颖而强大的模型，这些模型能够最大限度地减少危险建筑碎片向关键空中交通区域的传播，最大限度地减少危险野生动物物种的建筑相关景点，最大限度地提高施工期间的机场安全性，以防止未经授权进入安全机场区域。并遵守所有相关的联邦航空管理局安全和安保要求。对于社会而言，该项目解决了当前和未来的国家优先事项，包括在机场、海港、核电站、电力系统、石油生产和分销设施等关键基础设施系统的建设和扩建过程中改善国家安全和公共安全的需要。

A large number of major airport construction and expansion projects are on-going and being planned in order to meet the current and expected increases in air traffic demand. These projects include the expansion of terminals, runways and taxiways and they are often performed in close proximity to critical airport areas. This close proximity increases the level of hazards to both aviation safety and airport security, and presents construction planners with critical and serious construction site layout planning challenges, including: how to optimize site layout planning in order to address the conflicting objectives of maximizing aviation safety, maximizing airport security and minimizing construction site layout costs; and how to maintain optimality for the developed site layout plans in a dynamically changing construction environment. This project addresses these site layout planning challenges using original concepts that integrates multi-objective and dynamic optimization methodologies to enable construction planners to identify and frequently update a set of optimal site layout plans that provide optimal tradeoffs among the conflicting site layout planning objectives. The main research objectives of this project are to (1) develop novel multi-objective optimization models for airport construction site layouts that are capable of maximizing the control of construction debris hazards near critical airport areas, minimizing the hazards of attracting wildlife to airport construction sites, minimizing and eliminating all potential security breaches that may originate from construction sites, and minimizing overall site layout costs; and (2) develop robust information technology frameworks that are capable of supporting dynamic optimization and the continuous updating of optimal construction site layout plans, and providing enhanced visualization of the generated optimal solutions. The project integrates advanced methodologies from several disciplines, including construction and airport engineering, evolutionary computations, information technology, and object-oriented modeling in order to address a fundamental and critical gap in the existing knowledge and understanding of multi-objective and dynamic site layout optimization.This project provides a broad and profound impact on (1) construction engineering education; (2) construction industry; and (3) society. For construction engineering education, the project focuses on developing educational material and modules and integrating them in two undergraduate and graduate courses. For the construction industry, the research developments provide construction planners and airport operators with novel and robust models that are capable of minimizing the spread of hazardous construction debris to critical air traffic zones, minimizing construction-related attractions of hazardous wildlife species, maximizing airport security during construction to prevent unauthorized access to secure airport areas, and complying with all relevant Federal Aviation Administration safety and security requirements. For society, the project addresses current and future national priorities including the need to improve national security and public safety during the construction and expansion of critical infrastructure systems such as airports, seaports, nuclear power plants, electrical power systems, and oil production and distribution facilities.