SGER: Exploratory seismic reflection and gravity coring survey of Lakes Mantano and Towuti, Indonesia

这项探索性研究小额赠款（SGER）支持印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛两个大型构造湖的地震反射和重力取芯调查：曼塔诺湖和托武蒂湖。虽然湖沼学和气象学的数据表明，这两个湖泊应该是敏感的厄尔尼诺南方涛动驱动（ENSO）的气候变化，几乎没有什么是已知的沉积湖泊，也不是他们的环境历史。该研究将利用地震反射和重力取芯方法，利用加拿大和印度尼西亚科学合作伙伴和行业的支持，探索这两个湖泊在古气候研究方面的潜力。总体目标是利用印度尼西亚湖泊气候重建对ENSO的更新世和全新世历史有新的认识。这项探索性研究代表了实现这一目标的第一步：对印度尼西亚的曼塔诺湖和托武蒂湖进行探险。该团队将收集约500公里的高分辨率和中分辨率地震反射数据以及一套重力岩心和抓斗样品，并进行小型实验室计划，以调查两个湖泊的沉积物样品和沉积环境。具体地说，地震数据和岩心样品将用于：1）确定侵蚀不整合面和其他地层表面，这可能表明主要湖泊水位变化的深度; 2）调查湖泊中的现代沉积模式，以确定未来提议支持的长活塞取芯的有希望的地点; 3）校准地球化学和有机地球化学参数; 4）对两个湖泊最近的环境变化进行初步记录。虽然高度探索性的工作，应该催化印尼的气候和环境历史的重大未来研究使用lake deposits.Intellectual merits：ENSO是一个全球性的利益的现象，但我们的ENSO的变化在几十年到几千年的时间尺度的理解是穷人。这项研究将提供一个初步的，但非常有价值的记录湖泊低地和干旱从印度尼西亚，有助于在美国气候变化科学计划的几个特别强调的领域。此外，这项研究代表了第一个系统的古气候研究印尼大型湖泊，和湖泊曼塔诺和Towuti最终可能提供印尼气候历史和ENSO variability无与伦比的记录。更广泛的影响：这项研究将促进广泛的，国际合作，美国，印尼和加拿大科学家之间的印尼湖泊工作。收集的重力岩心将成为布朗大学高级研究论文的基础，并将为重建厄尔尼诺/南方涛动造成的印度尼西亚干旱提供依据，这对评估世界上人口最稠密的国家之一的农业水资源和水电利用至关重要。

This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) supports a seismic reflection and gravity coring survey of two large tectonic lakes on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Lakes Mantano and Towuti. Although limnologic and meterologic data suggest that both lakes should be sensitive to El Nino Southern Oscillation-driven (ENSO) climate changes, virtually nothing is known about sedimentation in the lakes nor their environmental histories. The research will explore the potential of the two lakes for paleoclimate research using seismic reflection and gravity coring methods, leveraging support from Canadian and Indonesian scientific partners and industry. The overarching goal is to gain new insight into the Pleistocene and Holocene history of ENSO using lake-based climate reconstruction in Indonesia. This exploratory research represents a first step toward that goal: an expedition to Lakes Mantano and Towuti, Indonesia. The team will collect about 500 km of high- and intermediate-resolution seismic reflection data and a suite of gravity core and grab samples, and conduct a small laboratory program to investigate sediment samples and sedimentary environments in the two lakes. Specifically, seismic data and core samples will be used to:1) Identify erosional unconformities and other stratigraphic surfaces that could indicate the depthof major lake level changes2) Investigate modern patterns of sedimentation in the lakes to identify promising sites for longpiston coring to be supported by future proposals3) Calibrate geochemical and organic geochemical proxies4) Develop preliminary records of recent environmental changes in the two lakes. Although highly exploratory, the work should catalyze significant future research on Indonesian climate and environmental history using lake sediments.Intellectual merits: ENSO is a phenomenon of global interest, but our understanding of ENSO variability at timescales of decades to millennia is poor. This study will provide a preliminary but extremely valuable record of lake lowstands and drought from Indonesia, contributing to several areas of special emphasis within the US Climate Change Science Program. Moreover, this research represents the first systematic paleoclimate study of Indonesian large lakes, and Lakes Mantano and Towuti could eventually provide unparalleled records of Indonesian climate history and ENSO variability.Broader Impacts: This study will promote a broad, international collaboration between US, Indonesian, and Canadian scientists working on Indonesian lakes. Gravity cores collected will form the basis for senior research theses at Brown University, and will provide a basis for reconstructing ENSO-driven drought in Indonesia, critical to evaluating water resources for agriculture and hydroelectric utilization in one of the most densely populated countries in the world.