Collaborative Research: Implications of Automotive Greenhouse Gas Policies on Material Flows - A Life Cycle Approach Integrating Engineering, Public Policy, and Market Behavior

材料使用：科学、工程和社会，缪斯项目的总体目标是生产建模工具和方法，可用于分析旨在减少乘用车和轻型卡车温室气体排放的政策工具导致的材料流动变化。这一目标将通过建立和验证一套解释生产者和消费者对温室气体减排政策的行为反应的关联模型来实现，并将这些预测的市场反应整合到一个新的预测生命周期和物质流动分析(LCA/MFA)框架中。我们的主要任务将是：1)根据成本和性能对车辆设计选项和材料使用进行建模；2)通过在基于市场和监管政策工具、生产商目标和消费者偏好的背景下对这些选项的性能进行建模，来评估这些选项的市场渗透率；以及3)评估市场反应对全球材料流动和生命周期排放的影响。拟议的研究存在于工程设计、应用经济学、社会研究、公共政策和可持续发展之间。科学影响将来自于这些学科中每个学科的技术、方法和模型的制定，这些技术、方法和模型将帮助我们理解技术政策、技术采用以及意外的环境和材料流动后果之间的关系。这些任务如何被整体整合到一个跨学科的元系统中，也将产生科学影响。这一提议的更广泛影响将部分来自于计算环境的建设，该环境将使分析师能够在成本、市场接受度、材料流动和环境影响方面优化技术和政策决策。通过将该项目与密歇根大学和罗切斯特理工学院的本科生和研究生课程及课程相结合，这项建议将产生重大的教育影响。我们还包括一个旨在通过与位于RIT的国家聋人技术学院合作的针对聋人和听力障碍学生的教育部分。该奖项由制造业创新司(DMI)和电气和通信系统司(ECS)共同管理。

The overarching goal of this Materials Use: Science, Engineering and Society, MUSES project is to produce modeling tools and methods that can be used to analyze changes in materials flows that would result from policy instruments aimed at reducing GHG emissions from passenger cars and light trucks. This goal will be achieved by building and validating a set of linked models that account for producer and consumer behavioral responses to GHG reduction policies, and integrating these forecasted market responses into a novel framework for predictive life cycle and material flow analyses (LCA/MFA). Our major tasks will be: 1) to model vehicle design options and materials use for their costs and performance; 2) to evaluate the market penetration of these options by modeling their performance in the context of market-based and regulatory policy instruments, producer objectives, and consumer preferences; and, 3) to evaluate the consequences of market responses on global materials flows and life cycle emissions. The proposed research exists at the interface between engineering design, applied economics, social research, public policy, and sustainable development. The scientific impact will derive from the formulation of techniques, methods, and models in each of these disciplines that will help us understand the relationships between technology policy, technology adoption, and unintended environmental and materials flows consequences. Scientific impact will also arise from how these tasks are holistically integrated into an interdisciplinary meta-system. The broader impact of this proposal will be derived in part from the construction of a computational environment that will allow analysts to optimize technology and policy decisions with respect to costs, market acceptance, materials flows, and environmental impacts. The educational impact of this proposal will be significant through the integration of this project with undergraduate and graduate courses and curricula at the University of Michigan and at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). We also include an educational component aimed at deaf and hard-of-hearing students through collaboration with the National Technical Institute for the Deaf located at RIT. The award is co-managed by the Division of Manufacturing Innovation (DMI) and the Division of Electrical and Communications Systems (ECS).