Collaborative Research: U.S. GLOBEC: NEP Phase IIIb-CGOA: Links between climate and planktonic food webs

这个项目的组织主题是阿拉斯加湾沿岸浮游生物群落的两种食物网模式：以小型细胞为主(原核生物、微细鞭毛虫和纳米鞭毛虫)或以大型细胞为主(主要是链状硅藻)；这些模式是由自下而上和自上而下的物理和生物条件决定的；每种模式对GLOBEC目标生物的生产都有不同的后果，一种系统主要支持大型桡足类动物，另一种系统主要支持微生物食物网和以粘液网捕食浮游动物(幼体动物和翼足类)，浮游动物(幼虫和翼足类)是幼鲑鱼的主要猎物。跨学科团队将综合GLOBEC NEP收集的物理、化学和生物数据，以解决环境强迫(包括气候变化)和生态系统状态之间联系的核心概念模型。研究计划分为三个相互作用的综合部分：(1)描述CGoA研究区域的浮游食物网。(2)提供政府间专家组每个实地年(1998-2004年)的状况的综合看法，并利用较长期的环境数据集将这些状况置于多年代气候背景下。(3)将每年的环境描述与食物网结构/功能关系结合起来：(A)描述初级和次级生产量的年际变化；(B)调查驱动这些变化的可能机制；以及(C)确定对目标生物的影响：新青鱼、真鲑鱼和粉鲑鱼幼鱼。将使用盒子、统计和一维生态系统模型来解决关于气候-食物网络联系的一系列问题。广泛的影响：了解控制CGoA生态系统两种状态的每一种状态的机制以及对三文鱼的影响将有助于基于生态系统的渔业管理，特别是粉红三文鱼。我们的综合提案将确定直接的机制，如气温升高、淡水排放、层化和风应力，通过这些机制，气候与生态系统状态和鲑鱼产量有关。从这一综合中得到的详细理解可能允许推导出用于预测生态系统状态的简单指数。位于苏厄德的阿拉斯加海洋生物中心的展品经理证实，有兴趣开发一个教育展览，展示CGoA的食物网络结构，以及这与成功/生产更高营养级的关系，包括粉红色三文鱼。

The organizing theme of this project are the two food-web modes of the planktonic community of the Coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGoA): small cell-dominated (prokaryotes, pico- and nanoflagellates) or large cell-dominated (primarily chain diatoms); that these modes are dictated by physical and biological conditions, both bottom-up and top-down; and that each mode has different consequences for the production of GLOBEC target organisms, with one system primarily supporting large copepods and the other system primarily supporting the microbial food web and the mucous-net feeding zooplankton (larvaceans and pteropods) that are prime prey for juvenile salmon. The interdisciplinary team will synthesize the physical, chemical, and biological data collected by GLOBEC NEP to address this central conceptual model of the linkages between environmental forcing (including climate change) and ecosystem state.The research plan is organized into three interacting sectors of synthesis: (1) Describe the planktonic food web in the CGoA study region. (2) Provide an integrated view of conditions in the CGoA during each of the field years (1998-2004), and place these conditions in a multi-decadal climate context using longer-term environmental data sets. (3) Combine the environmental description for each year with food web structural/ and functional relationships to: (a) describe interannual variations in primary and secondary production; (b) investigate probable mechanisms driving these variations; and (c) determine the consequences for target organisms: Neocalanus spp., euphausiids and juvenile pink salmon. Box, statistical and 1-D ecosystem models will be employed to address a range of these questions about climate-food web linkages.Broader Impacts: Understanding of mechanisms controlling each of the two states of the CGoA ecosystem and the consequences for salmon will contribute to ecosystem based fishery management, especially for pink salmon. Our synthesis proposal will identify direct mechanisms, such as increased temperature, freshwater discharge, stratification and wind stress, by which climate is linked to ecosystem state and to salmon production. The detailed understanding that will come from this synthesis may allow derivation of simple indices for prediction of ecosystem state. The Exhibits Manager at the Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward has confirmed interest in developing an educational display showing the food web structure of the CGoA and how this relates to the success/production of higher trophic levels, including pink salmon.