LTREB: Collaborative Research: What Controls Long-term Changes in Freshwater Microbial Community Composition?

LTREB：合作研究：什么控制着淡水微生物群落组成的长期变化？

• 批准号: 0639805
• 负责人: George Kling
• 金额: $ 18.25万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-15 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0639805&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Collaborative; Research; What; Controls

Recent developments in DNA sequencing and molecular technologies have revolutionized the study of microorganisms, revealing their identities and genetic potential, and spawning new ecological concepts in microbial biodiversity. Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial species and their roles in natural ecosystems are controlled by their dispersal attributes (e.g., whether by wind or water) and local growth conditions, but the relative importance of these factors is unknown. This research will characterize these two fundamental controls on the distribution of microbes in Arctic lakes, streams and soils, and will reveal how seasonal, annual and long-term shifts in the populations of microbial species relate to the rapid climatic changes that are occurring in this region. The complex nature of microbial biodiversity is important for understanding human health and disease, and for understanding the consequences of our warming world. Bacteria and other microbes ultimately control the production of carbon dioxide and methane, potent greenhouse gasses, in all ecosystems. In the Arctic there are currently low but rapidly increasing temperatures, thawing permafrost, and much accumulated organic matter all creating a situation ripe for increased bacterial respiration (conversion of organic matter to carbon dioxide). These collective factors could greatly alter regional and global carbon budgets, and hence feedback to further climate changes. This project will also contribute to teaching and outreach through the NSF Research Experience for Teachers program, the LTER-Schoolyard (K-12) program, and other field-based courses and mentoring programs.

DNA测序和分子技术的最新发展彻底改变了微生物的研究，揭示了它们的身份和遗传潜力，并产生了微生物生物多样性的新生态概念。微生物物种的空间和时间模式及其在自然生态系统中的作用受其分散属性（例如，无论是风还是水）和局部生长条件而控制，但是这些因素的相对重要性尚不清楚。这项研究将表征有关微生物在北极湖泊，溪流和土壤中分布的这两个基本控制，并将揭示微生物物种种群中季节性，年度和长期变化与该地区发生的快速气候变化有关。微生物生物多样性的复杂性对于理解人类健康和疾病以及理解温暖世界的后果很重要。细菌和其他微生物最终控制所有生态系统中二氧化碳和甲烷，有效的温室气体的产生。在北极中，当前的温度较低但迅速升高，融化多年冻土和大量积累的有机物都使细菌呼吸增加的情况（将有机物转化为二氧化碳）成熟。这些集体因素可能会大大改变区域和全球碳预算，从而反馈以进一步的气候变化。该项目还将通过NSF研究经验，教师课程，劳德学院（K-12）计划以及其他基于现场的课程和指导计划来为教学和宣传做出贡献。