Collaborative Research: Influence of Land Use on Watershed Hydrology and Biogeochemistry at the Amazon Agricultural Frontier

合作研究：亚马逊农业前沿土地利用对流域水文和生物地球化学的影响

• 批准号: 0640377
• 负责人: Eric Davidson
• 金额: $ 13.49万
• 依托单位: Woodwell Climate Research Center, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0640377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Influence; Land; Use

The expansion of soybeans into the Brazilian Amazon Basin is one of the most important land use changes taking place on earth. This project examines how soybean cultivation alters the runoff and chemistry of water reaching streams in small watersheds and how runoff from soy-bean fields differs from that of the forests and pastures that the soybeans replaced. Comparisons among streams of different sizes from forests, pastures and soybean fields will enable determina-tion of how stream size and the structure of riparian (stream-side) zones influence runoff pat-terns, water quantity and quality, and the locations in watersheds where major chemical trans-formations take place (or hotspots). Computer models will use the chemistry of water flowing through the soil and results of studies using chemical tracers to identify flow paths. This informa-tion will enable the contributions of runoff sources to stream flow and stream water chemistry to be determined. Results will be used to examine how soybean expansion will influence Amazon fresh waters over larger areas.This project has high potential to influence land use decisions at the Amazon frontier be-cause research will be conducted on land farmed by the consortium that controls most of the soy-bean production and transport in the Brazilian Amazon. This consortium aims to reduce envi-ronmental consequences of soybean production in order to gain access to European markets. The field site will be used to develop a Brown University field course and to train Brazilian, U.S. and German graduate and undergraduate students.

大豆向巴西亚马逊盆地的扩张是地球上正在发生的最重要的土地利用变化之一。该项目研究大豆种植如何改变小流域河流的径流和化学成分，以及大豆田的径流与大豆取代的森林和牧场的径流有何不同。对来自森林、牧场和大豆田的不同规模的溪流进行比较，将能够确定溪流的大小和河岸（溪边）区域的结构如何影响径流模式、水量和水质，以及流域中发生主要化学转化的位置（或热点）。计算机模型将利用流经土壤的水的化学性质以及使用化学示踪剂的研究结果来识别水流路径。这些信息将使径流源对溪流流量和溪流水化学的贡献得以确定。结果将用于研究大豆扩张将如何影响更大范围的亚马逊淡水水域。该项目很有可能影响亚马逊边境的土地使用决策，因为研究将在控制巴西亚马逊大部分大豆生产和运输的财团所耕种的土地上进行。该联盟旨在减少大豆生产对环境的影响，以便进入欧洲市场。该实地基地将用于开发布朗大学实地课程并培训巴西、美国和德国的研究生和本科生。