Collaborative Research: Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Magnetosphere Ionosphere Model

该项目将把一些现有的地球磁层、电离层和热层模型组合成一个综合的地球空间模型(CGM)。具体来说，CGM将包括OpenGGCM磁层模型、CTIPe热层-电离层-等离子体层模型、综合环流模型(CRCM)、赖斯对流模型和FOK辐射带模型(RBM)。这项工作的很大一部分是用于核查和确认气候变化机制。将使用一些基于地面和空间的数据集来建立衡量标准和技能评分。CGM将能够在目前可用的计算机系统上实时运行，并将在实时模式下运行至少一个月以进行验证。CGM将被交付给NASA/GSFC的社区协调建模中心(CCMC)，以进行额外的测试，为过渡到运行做准备。该模型将有能力跟踪地球空间对太阳风和行星际磁场的强迫随时间变化的响应。模式预测的重要空间天气影响包括：磁层对流和极光降水对电喷流、辐射带电子和离子通量、亚极光极化流及其对中纬度、中纬度和低纬度等离子体密度的影响；通过穿透电场和发电机电场之间的相互作用进行等离子体重组；用于预报不规则现象的背景中性和等离子体背景；引起卫星阻力的热层中性密度；以及对电离层生产和损失很重要的氧/氮比。CGM将为地球航天领域的建模和表征贡献许多新的和独特的重要方面。特别是，电动力学分量耦合的统一势能求解器的发展将容纳半球间相互作用的对称和非对称元素。CGM还将有一个现实的顶部电离层和等离子体层，这对于正确处理中低纬度的等离子体再分布以及等离子体层的清空和再填充是必不可少的。它将有可能对来自低层大气的现实动力强迫做出反应，而低层大气是造成地磁安静的日常变化的主要原因。辐射带模块还将具有对随时间变化的磁场和电场做出响应的能力，并覆盖整个相关能量范围内的离子和电子。此外，该模式将同化电离层和磁层对流的数据，将包括等离子体层和磁层中的多种物种，并将容纳多个太阳风和行星际磁场监测器。该项目将包括对研究生进行下一代空间天气模型的教育。该项目将为电力公司、卫星行业以及通信和导航用户提供空间天气的规范和预报。该项目也符合国际太阳物理年的目标，即努力解释地球物理域之间的耦合所涉及的统一物理过程。

This project will combine a number of existing models of Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere into a comprehensive geospace model (CGM). Specifically, the CGM will comprise the OpenGGCM magnetosphere model, the CTIPe thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model, the Comprehensive Ring current Model (CRCM), the Rice Convection Model, and the Fok Radiation Belt Model (RBM). A substantial part of this effort is devoted to verification and validation of the CGM. A number of ground and space based data sets will be used to establish metrics and skill scores. CGM will be able to perform in real time on currently available computer systems, and it will be run for at least one month in real time mode for verification. The CGM will be delivered to the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA/GSFC, for additional testing in preparation for transition into operations. The model will have the capability to follow the geospace response to time-dependent variations in the forcing from the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field. The important space weather effects predicted by the model include: magnetospheric convection and auroral precipitation responsible for electrojet currents, radiation belt electron and ion fluxes, sub-auroral polarization streams and their impact on plasma density at mid-latitude, mid and low latitude plasma restructuring by the interaction between the penetration and dynamo electric fields, specification of the background neutral and plasma context for forecasting irregularities, and thermospheric neutral density responsible for satellite drag, and the O/N2 ratio, which is important for ionospheric production and loss. The CGM will contribute many important new and unique aspects to the modeling and characterization of the Geospace domain. In particular, the development of the unified potential solver coupling the electrodynamic components will accommodate both symmetric and asymmetric elements of the inter-hemispheric interactions. CGM will also have a realistic topside ionosphere and plasmasphere, which is essential for the correct treatment of plasma redistribution at mid and low latitudes, and the emptying and refilling of the plasmasphere. It will have the potential to respond to realistic dynamical forcing from the lower atmosphere, which is responsible for much of the geomagnetic quiet day-to-day variability. The radiation belt module will also have the capability to respond to time-dependent magnetic and electric fields, and covers both ions and electrons over the entire relevant energy range. In addition, the model will assimilate data for ionospheric and magnetospheric convection, will include multiple species in the plasmasphere and the magnetosphere, and will accommodate multiple solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field monitor. The project will include the education of graduate students in the next generation of space weather models. The project will provide specification and forecast of space weather for power companies, the satellite industry, and communication and navigation users. The project is also in line with the objectives of the International Heliophysical Year in its efforts to explain the unifying physical processes involved in the coupling between the geophysical domains.