Collaborative Research: Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Magnetosphere Ionosphere Model

该项目将把地球磁层、电离层和热层的若干现有模型联合收割机合并成一个综合地球空间模型。具体而言，CGM将包括OpenGGCM磁层模型、CTIPe热层-电离层-等离子体模型、综合环电流模型（CRCM）、Rice对流模型和Fok辐射带模型（RBM）。这项工作的很大一部分用于CGM的验证和确认。将使用一些地面和空间数据集来确定指标和技能分数。CGM将能够在当前可用的计算机系统上以真实的时间执行，并且将以真实的时间模式运行至少一个月以进行验证。CGM将被交付给NASA/GSFC的社区协调建模中心（CCMC）进行额外的测试，为过渡到操作做准备。该模型将有能力跟踪地球空间对太阳风和行星际磁场强迫随时间变化的反应。该模型预测的重要空间气象影响包括：磁层对流和极光降水导致了电喷流、辐射带电子和离子通量、亚极光极化流及其对中纬度等离子体密度的影响，中纬度和低纬度等离子体通过穿透场和发电机电场之间的相互作用进行重组，具体说明用于预测不规则性的背景中性和等离子体背景、造成卫星阻力的热层中性密度以及对电离层产生和损失很重要的O/N2比率。CGM将为地球空间域的建模和表征贡献许多重要的新的和独特的方面。特别是，耦合电动组件的统一电位求解器的发展将同时容纳对称和不对称的半球间相互作用的元素。CGM还将有一个真实的顶侧电离层和等离子体层，这对于正确处理中低纬度的等离子体重新分布以及等离子体层的排空和再填充至关重要。它将有可能对来自低层大气的实际动力强迫作出反应，这是造成地磁静日变化的主要原因。辐射带模块还将具有响应随时间变化的磁场和电场的能力，并覆盖整个相关能量范围内的离子和电子。此外，该模型将吸收电离层和磁层对流的数据，将包括等离子体层和磁层中的多种物质，并将容纳多种太阳风和行星际磁场监测器。该项目将包括对研究生进行下一代空间气象模型方面的教育。该项目将为电力公司、卫星工业以及通信和导航用户提供空间天气的规范和预报。该项目还符合国际太阳物理年的目标，即努力解释地球物理领域之间的耦合所涉及的统一物理过程。

This project will combine a number of existing models of Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere into a comprehensive geospace model (CGM). Specifically, the CGM will comprise the OpenGGCM magnetosphere model, the CTIPe thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model, the Comprehensive Ring current Model (CRCM), the Rice Convection Model, and the Fok Radiation Belt Model (RBM). A substantial part of this effort is devoted to verification and validation of the CGM. A number of ground and space based data sets will be used to establish metrics and skill scores. CGM will be able to perform in real time on currently available computer systems, and it will be run for at least one month in real time mode for verification. The CGM will be delivered to the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA/GSFC, for additional testing in preparation for transition into operations. The model will have the capability to follow the geospace response to time-dependent variations in the forcing from the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field. The important space weather effects predicted by the model include: magnetospheric convection and auroral precipitation responsible for electrojet currents, radiation belt electron and ion fluxes, sub-auroral polarization streams and their impact on plasma density at mid-latitude, mid and low latitude plasma restructuring by the interaction between the penetration and dynamo electric fields, specification of the background neutral and plasma context for forecasting irregularities, and thermospheric neutral density responsible for satellite drag, and the O/N2 ratio, which is important for ionospheric production and loss. The CGM will contribute many important new and unique aspects to the modeling and characterization of the Geospace domain. In particular, the development of the unified potential solver coupling the electrodynamic components will accommodate both symmetric and asymmetric elements of the inter-hemispheric interactions. CGM will also have a realistic topside ionosphere and plasmasphere, which is essential for the correct treatment of plasma redistribution at mid and low latitudes, and the emptying and refilling of the plasmasphere. It will have the potential to respond to realistic dynamical forcing from the lower atmosphere, which is responsible for much of the geomagnetic quiet day-to-day variability. The radiation belt module will also have the capability to respond to time-dependent magnetic and electric fields, and covers both ions and electrons over the entire relevant energy range. In addition, the model will assimilate data for ionospheric and magnetospheric convection, will include multiple species in the plasmasphere and the magnetosphere, and will accommodate multiple solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field monitor. The project will include the education of graduate students in the next generation of space weather models. The project will provide specification and forecast of space weather for power companies, the satellite industry, and communication and navigation users. The project is also in line with the objectives of the International Heliophysical Year in its efforts to explain the unifying physical processes involved in the coupling between the geophysical domains.