CEDAR: The Influence of Lower Atmosphere Forcing on the Composition Structure of the Thermosphere

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In attempting to quantify the upward coupling of lower atmosphere forcing on the thermosphere's composition structure, the investigators are using a 'seamless' global model based on physics within two existing models. The Spectral Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Model (SMLTM) produces realistic simulations of mean winds, tidal amplitudes, and gravity wave forcing, while the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Model (CTIM) examines physics of the upper atmosphere, including thermosphere-ionosphere interactions, and the dynamics and composition response to solar and geomagnetic activity. Combined, the two models emphasize the impact seasonal and hemispheric asymmetry of tides and gravity waves have on major species composition of the atmosphere. In addition, they determine the impact of lower atmosphere forcing on thermospheric composition, temperature and wind structure, and neutral density anomalies.