Collaborative Research: The Path to Verb Learning
协作研究:动词学习之路
基本信息
- 批准号:0642632
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 13.2万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2007
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2007-06-01 至 2011-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Events are the basic units of human experiences. People speak not only of individual objects like 'towels' and 'floors', but also of events like 'bending', and of goal-directed actions like 'picking up a towel from the floor.' The central aim of this research is to characterize how humans perceive and conceptualize information about the nuggets of human experience, the non-linguistic events that are often labeled by language. Using insights from psychology and cognitive linguistics, this work hypothesizes that infants and adults use path information as a wedge into the flux and flow of a dynamic world; that path is central to how people find the atoms of events. Thus, pushing becomes pulling when the path forward is reversed. Eight experiments with infants and adults test this hypothesis by posing three questions: 1) Can infants use geometric information about path trajectories to decompose their world into events?; 2) Can infants and adults recognize categories of events paths even when they appear in new locations and in different orientations?; 3) Are infants and adults sensitive to statistical probabilities within events, building event hierarchies that are based on path changes (e.g., 'kicking the ball' rather than just raising the leg, moving it forward, contact with ball, ball projects forward)?Results from this foundational research inform both research and application. First, it forwards our knowledge of basic perception asking about the role that path plays in the interpretation of events. Second, given that events are the atoms of experience, this work speaks to how infants represent the world of events and whether they do so in ways that are compatible with adults. Third, exploration of how infants build a basis for event perception and representation positions researchers to ask how the children's burgeoning language knowledge interacts with their event perception. Relational terms like 'around, on, kick, throw' (prepositions and verbs) require that infants are aware not only of isolated objects or actions in their world, but of relations between these entities, relations through which grammar is born. Fourth, children with language deficits like those with autism often have difficulty learning relational terms. Some research suggests that the root of their problem lies not in language per se, but in the processing of event structures codified by language. Thus, diagnostic criteria relevant to both perception and language emerge in the context of this research.
事件是人类经验的基本单位。人们不仅谈论像“毛巾”和“地板”这样的单个物体,还谈论像“弯曲”这样的事件,以及像“从地板上捡起毛巾”这样的目标导向行为。“这项研究的中心目的是描述人类如何感知和概念化有关人类经验的金块的信息,这些非语言事件通常被语言标记。利用心理学和认知语言学的见解,这项工作假设,婴儿和成人使用路径信息作为一个楔子到流动和流动的动态世界;路径是人们如何找到事件的原子的核心。所以,当前进的道路被逆转时,推动就变成了拉动。 八个针对婴儿和成人的实验通过提出三个问题来验证这一假设:1)婴儿能否利用路径轨迹的几何信息将他们的世界分解为事件?2)婴儿和成人能否识别事件路径的类别,即使它们出现在新的位置和不同的方向上?3)婴儿和成人是否对事件中的统计概率敏感,建立基于路径变化的事件层次结构(例如,“踢球”而不仅仅是抬起腿,向前移动,与球接触,球向前投射)?这项基础研究的结果为研究和应用提供了信息。 首先,它将我们对基本感知的知识向前推进,询问路径在解释事件中所起的作用。第二,鉴于事件是经验的原子,这项工作谈到婴儿如何代表事件的世界,以及他们是否以与成人兼容的方式这样做。第三,探索婴儿如何建立事件感知和表征的基础,研究人员提出了儿童新兴的语言知识如何与他们的事件感知相互作用的问题。 像“around,on,kick,throw”(介词和动词)这样的关系术语要求婴儿不仅意识到他们世界中孤立的物体或动作,而且意识到这些实体之间的关系,语法就是通过这些关系诞生的。 第四,有语言缺陷的儿童,如自闭症儿童,通常很难学习关系术语。 一些研究表明,他们问题的根源不在于语言本身,而在于对语言编码的事件结构的处理。 因此,在本研究的背景下,出现了与感知和语言相关的诊断标准。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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Roberta Golinkoff其他文献
Children’s and mothers’ understanding of play and learning: Repertoires across five cultures
儿童和母亲对游戏和学习的理解:五种文化中的剧目
- DOI:
10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101981 - 发表时间:
2024-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.900
- 作者:
Lucía Bugallo;Sarah Jane Mukherjee;Nora Scheuer;Teresa Cremin;Virginia Montoro;Roberta Golinkoff;Marcia Preston;Doris Pui Wah Cheng;Jill Popp - 通讯作者:
Jill Popp
Roberta Golinkoff的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Roberta Golinkoff', 18)}}的其他基金
Science of Learning Center Initiatives for Translational Science: The Ultimate Block Party and LEARN
学习科学中心的转化科学举措:终极街区聚会和学习
- 批准号:
1058081 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 13.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Origins of Verb Learning
协作研究:动词学习的起源
- 批准号:
9912103 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 13.2万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: The Origins of Word Learning
协作研究:单词学习的起源
- 批准号:
9615391 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 13.2万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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