CAREER: Solving a Global Water Crisis in a Local Watershed: A Comprehensive Analysis of Chitin as a Multifunctional Substrate for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage

职业：解决当地流域的全球水危机：甲壳素作为多功能基质处理酸性矿山排水的综合分析

• 批准号: 0644983
• 负责人: Rachel Brennan
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-15 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0644983&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Solving; Global; Water; Crisis

Brennan, Rachel A.Pennsylvania State University-University Park0644983CAREER: Solving a Global Water Crisis in a Local Watershed: A Comprehensive Analysis of Chitin as a Multifunctional Substrate for the Treatment of Acid Mine DrainageABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to evaluate chitin, a waste product from the shellfish industry, as a multifunctional substrate for passive treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Integral to the project is the integration of education and outreach. Chitin is an attractive substrate because of its potential to decrease acidity, increase alkalinity, and remove metals and its availability and low costs. Sacrificial microcosm tests will be used in the initial stage to rapidly assess the ability of chitin to achieve remediation of AMD waters of varying acidity and heavy metals contents. To develop an inventory of water chemistry changes throughout the life of the project, duplicate sets of samples beyond what is required for the microcosms will also be collected from one site each fall semester by Penn State students enrolled in the field methods course that will be developed. One set will be processed and analyzed by the Penn State students and the second set will be subject to a simplified set of analyses in partner high schools located in the Beech Creek, PA, watershed, which will be the location of the sampling sites. The second stage will consist of column studies that will be conducted to quantify sulfate reduction rates, metal removal capacities, substrate longevity, and the development and distribution of the microbial community when chitin is used as a barrier material for AMD treatment. Sorption isotherms will be used to evaluate the capacity of chitin for metal uptake. Comparative metagenomics will be used to compare the populations of organisms upstream, within the multiple points of the barrier, and downstream of the barrier and correlate that to chemical conditions and the effectiveness of treatment. Graduate students in the PI's lab will conduct the laboratory studies. In the last stage a field demonstration of a chitin barrier for the treatment of AMD at a site in the Beech Creek Watershed, PA, with the aid of the Beech Creek Watershed Association. The laboratory and inventory of water chemistry will inform the design and location of the field demonstration. Labor for the project installation will be provided by the graduate students in the PI's laboratory, students in the field methods class, high school students in the outreach program, and volunteer members of the Beech Creek Watershed Association. After the completion of the project, the system would continue to be monitored and used as a hands-on experimental station for AMD treatment by the PI's laboratory for as long as resources allow.The course to be developed will fill the need at Penn State for a field methods class for remediation design by offering 1-hour of classroom instruction and 3-hours of field laboratory each week of the fall semester, and will cover the topics necessary to evaluate the health of surface and groundwater systems (including stream velocity measurements, sediment sampling, water quality sampling, basic water chemistry testing, invertebrate sampling, fish identification, and habitat assessment). In addition, students will learn basic design principles for constructing passive AMD treatment systems, and design their own system for one of the AMD creeks in the watershed. Every fall semester throughout the duration of the project, grade 11 students and a teacher from one of the high schools in the Beech Creek Watershed will pair with Penn State students to participate in two of the field class laboratories. Each year, one high school student will have the opportunity to continue learning about AMD research and field methods during an 8-week Summer Internship in the PI's laboratory.

Brennan，Rachel A.宾夕法尼亚州立大学-大学Park0644983CAREER：解决当地分水岭的全球水危机：作为一种多功能基质的甲壳素用于处理酸性矿山排水的综合分析本研究的目的是评估甲壳素，一种贝类行业的废物产品，作为被动处理酸性矿山废水(AMD)的多功能基质。该项目的一个组成部分是将教育和外联结合起来。甲壳素是一种很有吸引力的底物，因为它具有降低酸度、增加碱度和去除金属的潜力，而且它的可用性和低成本。最初阶段将使用牺牲微观世界测试，以快速评估甲壳素修复不同酸度和重金属含量的AMD水的能力。为了编制项目整个生命周期中水化学变化的清单，宾夕法尼亚州立大学将在每个秋季学期从一个地点收集超出微观世界所需的重复样本集，这些样本是由宾夕法尼亚州立大学注册的现场方法课程的学生收集的。其中一组将由宾夕法尼亚州立大学的学生进行处理和分析，第二组将在宾夕法尼亚州比奇克里克的合作高中接受简化的一组分析，那里将是采样点的位置。第二阶段将包括柱状研究，以量化硫酸盐还原速率、金属去除能力、底物寿命以及将甲壳素用作AMD治疗的屏障材料时微生物群落的发展和分布。吸附等温线将被用来评估甲壳素对金属的吸收能力。比较元基因组学将用于比较屏障上游、屏障多点内和屏障下游的微生物种群，并将其与化学条件和治疗效果相关联。国际和平研究所实验室的研究生将进行实验室研究。在最后一个阶段，在宾夕法尼亚州山毛榉分水岭协会的帮助下，在宾夕法尼亚州山毛榉分水岭的一个地点现场演示了甲壳素屏障用于治疗AMD。水化学实验室和库存将通知现场演示的设计和地点。项目安装的劳动力将由PI实验室的研究生、野外方法班的学生、推广计划的高中生和山毛榉流域协会的志愿者成员提供。在该项目完成后，只要资源允许，该系统将继续被PI的实验室用作AMD处理的动手实验站。即将开发的课程将通过在秋季学期每周提供1小时的课堂教学和3小时的现场实验室，来满足宾夕法尼亚州立大学关于补救设计的现场方法课程的需求，并将涵盖评估地表水和地下水系统健康所需的主题(包括水流速度测量、沉积物采样、水质采样、基本水化学测试、无脊椎动物采样、鱼类鉴定和生境评估)。此外，学生将学习构建被动式AMD治疗系统的基本设计原则，并为分水岭中的一条AMD小溪设计自己的系统。在整个项目期间，每年秋季学期，来自山毛榉分水岭一所高中的11年级学生和一名教师将与宾夕法尼亚州立大学的学生配对，参加其中两个野外课堂实验室。每年，一名高中生将有机会在PI的实验室进行为期8周的暑期实习，继续学习AMD研究和现场方法。