SGER: Energy-Efficient FPGA Security Mechanisms for Large-Scale Sensor Networks

传感器网络在尺寸、电池、成本和基础设施方面基本上是资源有限的，但对于战场监视、环境监测、应急响应等广泛的应用具有吸引力。在部署这些网络时，提供安全通信是一项挑战。当前技术实现独立于节点处的能量水平的安全机制，潜在地耗尽节点处的能量，创建网络分区，并缩短网络寿命。已经提出了密码算法的硬件实现来减少这些网络中的计算负荷。本研究针对传感器网络的安全通信，首次尝试将节能和安全的方案与专门针对传感器网络的硬件实现相结合，并定量测量加/解密对安全性和能耗的影响。研究团队拥有硬件实施和传感器网络技术方面的知识和专业知识。本课题的研究主要有两个方面的内容：(I)FPGA加/解密的实现和(Ii)网络组织，以支持FPGA的安全机制，提高能效。将通过评估安全性和能效来分析拟议研究的性能。这项研究的影响范围更广，从硬件实施到算法开发，到促进研究生和本科生的参与。本文的研究将极大地改进传感器网络安全特性的设计和实现。在这项研究中获得的知识将通过在相关课程中加入项目和讲座的方式传授给研究生和本科生。研究生和本科生将参与拟议研究的各个方面。专业人员指导来自代表性不足的群体和妇女的研究生，并积极招聘、留住和毕业他们，并将在未来继续这样做。

Sensor networks are fundamentally resource-constrained in terms of size, battery, cost, and infrastructure, but are attractive for a wide variety of applications such as battlefield surveillance, environmental monitoring, emergency response to name a few. Providing secure communication is a challenge in deploying these networks. Current techniques implement security mechanisms independent of the energy levels at the nodes, potentially deplete energy at the nodes, create network partitions, and shorten network lifetime. Hardware implementations for cryptographic algorithms have been proposed to reduce computational load in these networks. This research focuses on secure communication for sensor networks that is also energy-efficient.The intellectual merit of the proposed research is to incorporate energy-efficient and secure schemes in combination with FPGA hardware implementations specific to sensor networks, the first attempt of its kind, and quantitatively measure the impact of the encryption/decryption on both security and energy consumption. The investigator team has knowledge and expertise of both hardware implementation and sensor network technology. This research has two major thrusts: (i) FPGA encryption/decryption implementation and (ii) network organization to support the FPGA security mechanism and improve energy-efficiency. The performance of the proposed research will be analyzed by evaluating the security and energy-efficiency.The broader impacts of this research spans from hardware implementations through algorithm development to promoting participation of graduate and undergraduate students. The proposed research will greatly improve the design and implementation of security features of sensor networks. Knowledge acquired in this research will be transmitted to students at graduate and undergraduate level by incorporating as projects and lectures in relevant courses. Graduate and undergraduate students will be involved in various aspects of proposed research. The PIs mentor graduate students from underrepresented groups and women and actively recruit, retain, and graduate them and will continue this in the future.