The Evolutionary Genomics of Rice Domestication

主要研究者：迈克尔·普鲁加南（纽约大学）联合首席研究员：卡洛斯布斯塔曼特（康奈尔大学;副教授），斯科特杰克逊（普渡大学; subawardee），芭芭拉·沙尔（华盛顿大学; subawardee）和斯科特威廉姆森（康奈尔大学;次级奖学金获得者）高级人事：丹·费金（纽约大学）主要合作者：本贾万·雷卡塞姆（泰国清迈U）水稻（Oryza sativa）是世界上最古老的驯化作物之一，自新石器时代革命起源以来，它比人类历史上任何其他植物都养活了更多的人，12000年前。了解驯化的基因组结构和选择对作物物种基因组结构和变异的影响仍然是植物生物学的关键领域。 该项目将精细定位驯化基因，并研究进化选择在栽培稻起源中的作用，确定与6个驯化性状的15个数量性状位点相关的约53 Mb水稻基因组中显示正选择特征的基因组区域。 本项目将评估作物基因组中驯化下的选择性质，研究水稻及其野生祖先驯化性状基因组区域的进化动态，提供约5 Mb的O.跨越10个含有驯化基因座的区域的rufipogon，创建近等基因系以促进驯化基因的定位克隆，进行栽培稻和野生稻之间驯化基因组区域的比较基因组分析，并开发新的统计方法和模型来研究驯化下的作物进化。通过鉴定与关键驯化性状相关的基因组区域，并开发新的资源来进一步表征这些基因座，该项目将为作物改良的新遗传靶点提供基础。该项目还将与纽约大学科学、健康和环境报告项目合作，培训研究生水平的科学新闻专业学生学习植物基因组学，并与华盛顿大学的模式生物实验室调查（LIMO）项目合作，为圣路易斯市公立学校的学生提供有意义的实验室实习职位。 该项目的结果可在项目网站http://rice-evolution.cornell.edu上查阅。

PI: Michael Purugganan (New York University)Co-PIs: Carlos Bustamante (Cornell University; subawardee), Scott Jackson (Purdue University; subawardee), Barbara Schaal (Washington University; subawardee), and Scott Williamson (Cornell University; subawardee)Senior Personnel: Dan Fagin (New York University)Key Collaborator: Benjavan Rerkasem (Chiang Mai U, Thailand) Domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the oldest domesticated crop species in the world, having fed more people than any other plant in human history since its origin in the Neolithic Revolution 10,000-12,000 years ago. Understanding the genomic architecture of domestication and the effects of selection on the structure and variation of crop species genomes remain key areas of interest in plant biology. This project will fine-map domestication genes and examine the role of evolutionary selection in the origin of cultivated rice identifying genomic regions that show signatures of positive selection in approximately 53 Mb of the rice genome associated with 15 quantitative trait loci for six domestication traits. This project will assess the nature of selection under domestication in crop genomes, investigate the evolutionary dynamics of domestication trait genomic regions in rice and its wild ancestor, provide genomic sequence for approximately 5 Mb of O. rufipogon spanning 10 regions that contain domestication loci, create near-isogenic lines to facilitate positional cloning of domestication genes, undertake a comparative genomic analyses of domestication genomic regions between cultivated and wild rice, and develop new statistical methods and models to study crop evolution under domestication.By identifying genomic regions associated with key domestication traits and developing new resources for further characterization of these loci, this project will provide the foundation for new genetic targets towards crop improvement. This project will also collaborate with the New York University Science, Health and Environment Reporting Program to train graduate-level science journalism students in plant genomics, and also work with the Laboratory Investigations with Model Organisms (LIMO) program at Washington University to provide meaningful laboratory internship positions for St. Louis city public school students. Results of this project can be accessed from the project website http://rice-evolution.cornell.edu.