The Evolutionary Genomics of Rice Domestication

共同监事：卡洛斯·布斯塔曼特（康奈尔大学，次获奖）、斯科特·杰克逊（普渡大学，次获奖）、芭芭拉·沙尔（华盛顿大学，次获奖）、斯科特·威廉姆森（康奈尔大学，次获奖）；高级人员：Dan Fagin（纽约大学）主要合作者：Benjavan Rerkasem（泰国清迈U）驯化水稻（Oryza sativa）是世界上最古老的驯化作物物种之一，自10,000-12,000年前新石器时代革命以来，它比人类历史上任何其他植物都养活了更多的人。了解驯化的基因组结构以及选择对作物物种基因组结构和变异的影响仍然是植物生物学的关键研究领域。该项目将对驯化基因进行精细定位，并研究进化选择在栽培水稻起源中的作用，确定在大约53 Mb的水稻基因组中与6个驯化性状的15个数量性状位点相关的基因组区域显示积极选择的特征。本项目将评估作物基因组驯化条件下的选择性质，研究水稻及其野生祖先驯化性状基因组区域的进化动态，提供约5mb的O. rufipogon基因组序列，涵盖10个包含驯化位点的区域，创建近等基因系，为驯化基因的定位克隆提供便利。开展栽培稻和野生稻驯化基因组区域的比较基因组分析，开发新的统计方法和模型来研究驯化下的作物进化。通过鉴定与关键驯化性状相关的基因组区域，并为进一步鉴定这些位点开发新的资源，该项目将为作物改良提供新的遗传靶点基础。该项目还将与纽约大学科学、健康和环境报告项目合作，培养植物基因组学研究生水平的科学新闻系学生，并与华盛顿大学模式生物实验室调查（LIMO）项目合作，为圣路易斯市公立学校的学生提供有意义的实验室实习岗位。该项目的结果可从该项目的网站http://rice-evolution.cornell.edu获得。

PI: Michael Purugganan (New York University)Co-PIs: Carlos Bustamante (Cornell University; subawardee), Scott Jackson (Purdue University; subawardee), Barbara Schaal (Washington University; subawardee), and Scott Williamson (Cornell University; subawardee)Senior Personnel: Dan Fagin (New York University)Key Collaborator: Benjavan Rerkasem (Chiang Mai U, Thailand) Domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the oldest domesticated crop species in the world, having fed more people than any other plant in human history since its origin in the Neolithic Revolution 10,000-12,000 years ago. Understanding the genomic architecture of domestication and the effects of selection on the structure and variation of crop species genomes remain key areas of interest in plant biology. This project will fine-map domestication genes and examine the role of evolutionary selection in the origin of cultivated rice identifying genomic regions that show signatures of positive selection in approximately 53 Mb of the rice genome associated with 15 quantitative trait loci for six domestication traits. This project will assess the nature of selection under domestication in crop genomes, investigate the evolutionary dynamics of domestication trait genomic regions in rice and its wild ancestor, provide genomic sequence for approximately 5 Mb of O. rufipogon spanning 10 regions that contain domestication loci, create near-isogenic lines to facilitate positional cloning of domestication genes, undertake a comparative genomic analyses of domestication genomic regions between cultivated and wild rice, and develop new statistical methods and models to study crop evolution under domestication.By identifying genomic regions associated with key domestication traits and developing new resources for further characterization of these loci, this project will provide the foundation for new genetic targets towards crop improvement. This project will also collaborate with the New York University Science, Health and Environment Reporting Program to train graduate-level science journalism students in plant genomics, and also work with the Laboratory Investigations with Model Organisms (LIMO) program at Washington University to provide meaningful laboratory internship positions for St. Louis city public school students. Results of this project can be accessed from the project website http://rice-evolution.cornell.edu.