New Phases of Superfluid 3He

*非技术摘要*在这个单独的研究项目中，将使用新的高频声学技术来探索3He超流体的结构。目标是确定杂质和表面条件对超流3He的作用，并寻找已被预测存在的新相。这种效应在3He中特别容易控制，但它们的存在可能普遍存在于其他相关的凝聚相，如高温超导体。因此，这项研究可能会对我们的社会产生重大影响。新的超流态的稳定需要合成气凝胶，这是一种非常多孔但相当坚固的玻璃固体。当地的高中生和本科生将参与到这个综合中来。材料还将协作提供给美国、法国和英国的实验室，用于一系列应用。研究生和本科生将接受包括小角x射线散射、低温方法和高频声学在内的复杂技术方面的培训。这将使他们为一系列对我们的社会具有重大潜在影响的职业机会做好准备。*技术摘要*这一个人研究人员奖支持一个项目，该项目旨在了解最近发现的超流体3He的新相和不寻常的性质，这些新相和不寻常的性质是由于使用高孔隙率的二氧化硅气凝胶将杂质引入超流体而被发现的。这个项目旨在解决：“什么是稳定阶段，是什么决定了从一个阶段到另一个阶段的过渡？”还将探索杂质之间的关联以及通过将这些杂质与外部施加的全局各向异性组织在一起而可能稳定有趣的新物质状态的效果。将在低温下进行热容和高频声学测量，以研究超流体有序参数和相稳定性。此外，还将测量导致超流动性并与之竞争的基本相互作用。新的声腔方法将被开发和应用，以探索新发现的磁声效应，并寻找已被预测在薄板中形成的条纹相。这项研究可能会影响我们对高温超导的理解，从而影响未来的技术。硅气凝胶将在本科生和高中生的参与下进行培养和表征。将使用阿贡国家实验室先进光子源的小角X射线散射设施进行表征。本科生和研究生将接受尖端技术方面的培训，这将使他们为一系列对我们的社会产生重大潜在影响的职业生涯机会做好准备。

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****In this individual investigator project new high frequency acoustic techniques will be employed to explore the structure of 3He superfluids. The goal is to determine the role of impurities and surface conditions on superfluid 3He and to search for new phases that have been predicted to exist. Such effects are particularly easily controlled in 3He but their existence may be general to other related condensed phases such as the high temperature superconductors. Thus the research may have a significant impact on our society. The stabilization of new superfluid states requires synthesis of aerogels, extremely porous but fairly robust glass solids. Local high school and undergraduate students will be involved in this synthesis. Materials will also be provided collaboratively to laboratories in USA, France, and the United Kingdom for a range of applications. Graduate and undergraduate students will obtain training in technically sophisticated techniques including of small angle x-ray scattering, low-temperature methods, and high frequency acoustics. This will prepare them for a range of professional career opportunities with a significant potential impact to our society.****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This individual investigator award supports a project aimed at understanding the new phases and unusual properties of superfluid 3He that have recently been discovered as a consequence of introducing impurities into the superfluid using high porosity silica aerogels. This project aims to address; "What are the stable phases and what determines the transition from one to another?" The effect of correlations between impurities and the possible stabilization of interesting new states of matter by organizing these impurities with externally imposed global anisotropy will also be explored. Heat capacity and high frequency acoustic measurements will be performed at low-temperatures to investigate the superfluid order parameter and phase stability. Additionally, the basic interactions responsible for, and competing with, superfluidity will be measured. New acoustic cavity methods will be developed and applied to explore newly discovered magneto-acoustic effects and to look for stripe phases that have been predicted to form in thin slabs. This research may impact on our understanding of high temperature superconductivity, and thus future technologies. The silica aerogels will be grown and characterized with the involvement of undergraduate and high school students. Characterization will be performed using the small angle X-ray scattering facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Undergraduate and graduate students will obtain training in technically sophisticated techniques, which will prepare them for a range of professional career opportunities with a significant potential impact on our society.