integration and standardization - unification of weights and measures in Germany during the 19th century

该项目的目的是分析德国关税同盟以及德国和北德国联邦的度量衡的秩序和标准化。当私人和公共行为者在政府内部和政府间一级行动时，应当确定私人和公共行为者的动机和利益，促进或阻碍统一，政府间一级的公共和私人行为者的讨论和谈判能够，国家和政府间一级的讨论和谈判被夹在一起。重点是-基于国家水平和权重比率-追踪，意见形成和决策过程并分析，这导致了1836年的共同体规模和德国关税同盟的重量，并最终导致了1868年北德意志联邦的规模和重量规定。特别是，关税同盟标准的作用，最初只用于成员国的国际贸易，将作为协调国家条例的催化剂加以研究。该项目是对多边经济一体化研究领域的贡献。此外，还将对19世纪帝国内部的探索做出特殊贡献。

The aim of this project is to analyze the order and standardization of weights and measures by the German Customs Union and the German and North German Confederation. It should be worked out, the motives and interests of private and public actors, the unification promoted or disabled, as the private and public actors acted on the intra-and inter-governmental level, which discussions and negotiations of public and private actors at the intergovernmental level abliefen and as the national and intergovernmental levels were clamped together. The point is - based on the national level and weight ratios - to trace, the opinion-forming and decision-making processes and to analyze, which led in 1836 to the Community dimension and weight of the German Zollverein and finally to the size and weight regulations of the North German Confederation in 1868. In particular, the role of the Customs Union standards, was initially used only in the international trade of Member States, will be investigated as a catalyst for the harmonization of national regulations. The project is a contribution to the research field of multilateral economic integration. In addition, a special contribution to the exploration of the inner Empire 'in the 19th Century will be done.