Contemporary Strain and Stressing Rates in Central and Southern Alaska Through the Earthquake Cycle
阿拉斯加中部和南部地震周期中的当代应变和应力率
基本信息
- 批准号:0710937
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 15.2万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2007
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2007-07-01 至 2010-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Central and southern Alaska exhibit many of the complexities that can occur in a convergent setting, including oblique subduction and microplate collision, and the upper plate experiences a broad range of tectonic responses, including large mountain ranges, deep basins, long strike-slip fault systems, and great subduction zone earthquakes. With a wealth of GPS observations, central and southern Alaska is thus a premier area for studying the geodynamics of subduction zones. Unraveling the partitioning of strain and the evolution of stress from geodetic constraints is, however, complicated by on-going transient postseismic processes. This project is working to isolate and illuminate the response of the Alaskan lithosphere to interseismic loading and postseismic transients by developing a 3-D viscoelastic finite element model that can predict the response to each processes. The analysis is particularly focused on understanding of how convergence is partitioned between the megathrust and upper plate fault systems, so as to enable a calculation of how stress evolves through the earthquake cycle. The model being developed encompasses all of central and southern Alaska and the surrounding region to the base of upper mantle to determine how slab motion and associated mantle currents (included those induced by slab edges) influence stress and strain rates in the upper plate. Faults are modeled explicitly with earthquakes simulated by inferred slip distributions, and viscoelastic processes utilize power-law rheologies. Calculations should eventually allow for the tracking of velocity, strain, and stressing rates through the earthquake cycle, including the evolution of stress due to interseismic loading and all major earthquakes and associated postseismic relaxation over the past century, as well as a cycle of great subduction zone events over the past 3 millennia. An alternate version of the model with unlocked faults that slip in accordance with friction and regional loading will enable calculations of long-term (averaged over many earthquake cycles) velocity structure and strain accumulation. Constrained by geological slip rates, this model will lend insight into the development of the broad tectonic features exhibited in central and southern Alaska, from the Central Alaska Range to the accretionary complex that stretches from Kodiak to the Kenai Peninsula and the Chugach Mountains.Calculation of the contemporary evolution of stress will lead to the identification of regions and faults that are currently being loaded at the greatest rate and have the highest unrelieved stress loads over the past century. Such regions represent areas of highest seismic risk to a population that has grown significantly since the last great subduction zone quake in 1964. These time-dependent calculations will enable the generation of animations that show how strain accumulates and stress fluctuates through the earthquake cycle, an educational tool that will be incorporated into lesson plans at both the high school and undergraduate level.
阿拉斯加中部和南部表现出在汇聚环境中可能发生的许多复杂情况,包括斜向俯冲和微板块碰撞,上板块经历了广泛的构造响应,包括大山脉、深盆地、长走滑断层系统和大俯冲带地震。阿拉斯加中部和南部拥有丰富的GPS观测,因此是研究俯冲带地球动力学的首选地区。然而,从大地测量约束中解开应变的分割和应力的演化是复杂的,因为正在进行的地震后瞬变过程。该项目致力于分离和阐明阿拉斯加岩石圈对地震间载荷和震后瞬变的响应,方法是开发一个可以预测每个过程响应的三维粘弹性有限元模型。分析尤其侧重于理解如何在巨型逆冲和上板块断层系统之间划分汇聚,以便能够计算应力如何在地震周期中演变。正在开发的模型涵盖了阿拉斯加中部和南部以及周围地区到上地幔底部,以确定板块运动和相关的地幔流动(包括由板块边缘诱导的地幔流动)如何影响上板块的应力和应变率。断层用推断的滑移分布来模拟地震,而粘弹性过程利用幂定律流变学。计算最终应该允许跟踪整个地震周期的速度、应变和应力率,包括过去一个世纪由于地震间载荷和所有大地震和相关的震后松弛而导致的应力演变,以及过去3000年来大俯冲带事件的周期。根据摩擦力和区域载荷滑动的未锁定断层模型的另一个版本将能够计算长期(在许多地震周期内平均)的速度结构和应变累积。受地质滑动速率的限制,该模型将深入了解阿拉斯加中部和南部的广泛构造特征的发展,从阿拉斯加中部山脉到从科迪亚克延伸到基奈半岛和丘加奇山脉的吸积杂岩。对当代应力演化的计算将导致识别出过去一个世纪以来目前加载速度最快、具有最高未解除应力载荷的区域和断层。这些地区代表着地震风险最高的地区,自1964年上一次大俯冲带地震以来,人口数量大幅增长。这些依赖于时间的计算将能够生成动画,展示在地震周期中应变累积和应力波动的方式,这是一种教育工具,将被纳入高中和本科水平的课程计划。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Andrew Freed其他文献
Andrew Freed的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Andrew Freed', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Multi-scale models of subduction zone earthquake cycle observations
合作研究:俯冲带地震周期观测的多尺度模型
- 批准号:
1722650 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Reorganization of stresses beneath greater Tokyo after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki M9 earthquake
合作研究:2011 年东北冲 M9 级地震后大东京地区地下应力的重组
- 批准号:
1215358 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Identification of Postseismic Transients in PBO GPS Time-Series
PBO GPS 时间序列中震后瞬变的识别
- 批准号:
0952234 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Modeling of 3-D Viscoelastic Stress Transfer in the California Crust: Implications for Earthquake Triggering and Seismic Hazard Migration
合作研究:加州地壳 3D 粘弹性应力传递建模:对地震触发和地震灾害迁移的影响
- 批准号:
0342914 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Modeling of 3-D Viscoelastic Stress Transfer in the California Crust: Implications for Earthquake Triggering and Seismic Hazard Migration
合作研究:加州地壳 3D 粘弹性应力传递建模:对地震触发和地震灾害迁移的影响
- 批准号:
0122868 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Award
地球科学博士后研究奖学金
- 批准号:
9704677 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 15.2万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship Award
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