Colonian Negotiations in an Inka Provincial Village

印加省村庄的殖民谈判

• 批准号: 0716883
• 负责人: Steven Wernke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-15 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0716883&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Colonian; Negotiations; Inka; Provincial; Village

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Steven Wernke and an interdisciplinary team will conduct two field seasons of archaeological and archival research on the transition from Inka to Spanish colonial rule and the earliest period of missionization in the Andean highlands. The project brings together U.S. and Peruvian specialists from several disciplines to examine transformation and continuity in ritual and daily practices as the indigenous communities of the Colca valley (Department of Arequipa, Peru) experienced successive waves of state-ordered colonial policies by the Inka and Spanish states. The project objectives aim to provide a detailed view of how daily life and religious practices were negotiated in the face of these imperial occupations through excavations at the site of Malata, a well-preserved village with well-preserved domestic structures, Inka imperial architecture, and a rustic chapel established by Franciscan friars between the 1540s and 1560s. Because Malata (like other early missions in the valley) was subsequently abandoned in the 1570s, the site provides an ideal, temporally-controlled window for viewing local-scale cultural change and continuity during the tumultuous times of the first post-conquest generation in the Andes.The archaeological component of the project consists of two seasons of excavations in each of the three main contexts of the site: 1) the chapel and associated atrium (season 1); 2) Inka and Spanish public and ceremonial spaces (season 2); and 3) domestic structures of varying size, form, and elaboration (seasons 1 and 2). Excavations in and around the chapel define the spatial organization of its interior and provide insights into post-Hispanic mortuary practices and community health status through excavation and bioarchaeological analysis of subfloor burials. Excavations in the Inka imperial structure and associated plaza assess their hypothesized function as ceremonial spaces during Inka times. Excavations of domestic structures reveal the organization of domestic space and changing patterns of consumption during epi-historical times, as new European goods and biota were introduced into local household economies. Based on formal and metric architectural attributes, differences in household status are evident, and comparison of the organization of elite and commoner households aims to elucidate class-based differences in patterns of consumption.The archival component of the project focuses on analyzing directly relevant 16th and early 17th century documentation of the missionary presence in the Colca Valley (including ecclesiastical memorials and surveys) housed in Franciscan and diocesan archives in Peru. This documentary analysis provides a complementary view of the ideological project of missionization as conceived and enacted by the friars themselves, and seeks to recover detailed accounts of this and similar missions in the area.The intellectual significance of this research includes the potential for new anthropological understanding of early post-conquest religious transformation and its connection to the broader Columbian exchange, a process that initiated the modern era of global-scale cultural interaction and transformation. The broader impacts of this research includes hands-on international educational opportunities for U.S. and Peruvian students. The project also integrates local community members into the actual research process and works toward a revalorization of local culture-historical patrimony.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Steven Wernke博士和一个跨学科团队将进行两个考古和档案研究的实地季节，研究从印加到西班牙殖民统治的过渡以及安第斯高地最早的传教时期。 该项目汇集了来自多个学科的美国和秘鲁专家，研究科尔卡山谷（秘鲁阿雷基帕省）土著社区在经历印加和西班牙国家连续几波国家命令的殖民政策时仪式和日常做法的转变和连续性。该项目的目标是通过对马拉塔遗址的挖掘，详细了解日常生活和宗教习俗是如何在这些帝国占领面前进行谈判的，马拉塔是一个保存完好的村庄，拥有保存完好的家庭结构，印加帝国建筑，以及16世纪40年代至16世纪60年代由方济各会修士建立的乡村教堂。 因为万利达（像山谷中的其他早期任务一样）随后在16世纪70年代被废弃，该遗址提供了一个理想的，时间控制的窗口，可以观察安第斯山脉第一代征服后动荡时期当地规模的文化变化和连续性。该项目的考古部分包括两个季节的挖掘，每个季节都有三个主要背景：1）小教堂和相关的中庭（第1季）; 2）印加和西班牙的公共和仪式空间（第2季）; 3）不同大小、形式和精致程度的家庭结构（第1季和第2季）。 教堂内部和周围的装饰定义了其内部的空间组织，并通过对地下墓葬的挖掘和生物考古分析，提供了对后西班牙裔太平间实践和社区健康状况的见解。 印加帝国建筑和相关广场的装饰评估了它们在印加时代作为仪式空间的假设功能。 随着新的欧洲商品和生物群被引入当地家庭经济，对家庭结构的挖掘揭示了表观历史时期家庭空间的组织和不断变化的消费模式。 基于正式和度量建筑属性，家庭地位的差异是显而易见的，该项目的档案部分侧重于分析16世纪和17世纪世纪早期传教士在科尔卡山谷存在的直接相关文献（包括教会纪念馆和调查），存放在方济各会和教区档案馆在秘鲁。 这一文献分析提供了一个由修士们自己构想和制定的传教意识形态项目的补充观点，并试图恢复这一和该地区类似使命的详细记录。这项研究的知识意义包括对征服后早期宗教转型及其与更广泛的哥伦比亚交流的联系的新人类学理解的潜力，这一进程开启了全球范围文化互动和变革的现代时代。 这项研究的更广泛的影响包括为美国和秘鲁学生提供实践国际教育机会。 该项目还将当地社区成员纳入实际的研究过程，并致力于恢复当地文化历史遗产的价值。