RIG/CAA: Dispersal, Vocal Convergence and the Maintenance of Vocal Dialects

RIG/CAA：分散、声音聚合和声音方言的维持

• 批准号: 0725032
• 负责人: Timothy Wright
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: New Mexico State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0725032&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RIG; CAA; Dispersal; Vocal; Convergence

Vocal learning has evolved in such distantly related animal groups as whales, bats, songbirds, hummingbirds and parrots. The ability to learn vocalizations may enable the development of more complex communication systems at the cost of metabolically expensive brains and extended periods of development. Examining the benefits and costs of vocal learning in a range of species will provide insights into how and why human language has evolved. One common manifestation of learning is a patchwork pattern of geographic variation termed 'dialects'. Dialects may be maintained over time either by limited movements of individuals from one dialect to another or by immigrants learning local call types after dispersal, termed 'vocal convergence'. Previous work in the yellow-naped amazon in Costa Rica has suggested that vocal convergence is important for maintaining vocal dialects in this parrot species. This project will document when, how and why birds immigrating from one dialect to another learn new call types. To better monitor movements in these wide-ranging birds, biologists and engineers at New Mexico State University (NMSU) will collaborate to develop novel telemetry methods utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Juvenile yellow-naped amazons will be fitted with the GPS tracking devices and followed for 12 months to document natural patterns of dispersal. Other birds will be moved from their natal dialect to a neighboring dialect to allow close observation of vocal learning and integration into new flocks. These experiments will provide critical data for understanding the benefits conveyed by vocal convergence in this species. In addition, NMSU will partner with the World Parrot Trust and the Area de Conservacíon Guanacaste in Costa Rica to develop an integrated parrot conservation program that includes biological education and nest protection and a website on parrot nesting behavior that features live video feeds from parrot nests. These activities will provide training and mentoring opportunities for students at NMSU, a Hispanic-serving land grant university.

声音学习已经在鲸鱼、蝙蝠、鸣禽、蜂鸟和鹦鹉等远亲动物群体中进化出来。学习发声的能力可能使更复杂的交流系统的发展成为可能，但代价是大脑的代谢代价高昂，发育周期延长。 研究一系列物种的发声学习的好处和代价，将有助于深入了解人类语言是如何以及为什么进化的。学习的一个常见表现是被称为“方言”的地理变异的拼凑模式。随着时间的推移，方言可以通过个体从一种方言到另一种方言的有限移动或通过移民在分散后学习当地的呼叫类型来维持，称为“语音收敛”。 先前在哥斯达黎加的黄枕亚马逊鹦鹉中的研究表明，声音的趋同对维持这种鹦鹉的声音方言很重要。这个项目将记录鸟类何时、如何以及为什么从一种方言迁移到另一种方言，学习新的叫声类型。为了更好地监测这些分布广泛的鸟类的活动，新墨西哥州州立大学（NMSU）的生物学家和工程师将合作开发利用全球定位系统（GPS）技术的新型遥测方法。年轻的黄枕亚马逊将配备GPS跟踪设备，并跟踪12个月，以记录自然的扩散模式。其他鸟类将从它们纳塔尔的方言转移到邻近的方言，以便近距离观察声音学习和融入新的鸟群。这些实验将提供关键数据，了解在这个物种的声音收敛所传达的好处。此外，NMSU将与世界鹦鹉信托基金会和哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特保护区合作，开发一个综合鹦鹉保护计划，包括生物教育和鸟巢保护以及一个关于鹦鹉筑巢行为的网站，该网站提供鹦鹉巢穴的实时视频。这些活动将为NMSU的学生提供培训和指导机会，NMSU是一所西班牙裔服务的赠地大学。