Evolution in deep-sea molluscs

深海软体动物的进化

• 批准号: 0726382
• 负责人: Ron Etter
• 金额: $ 59.21万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Boston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0726382&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; deep; sea; molluscs

The deep-sea supports one of the most diverse and unique marine communities, the evolutionary and historical development of which are virtually unknown. This research project will contribute very significantly to answering the two most basic questions about evolutionary diversification in this vast environment: Where does it occur, and how? It will also create a solid conceptual and methodological context for future evolutionary studies in the deep sea. In this project, the investigators have developed a deep-sea sampling program to address three main hypotheses about evolution in the deep sea that have emerged from their previous work. 1) The depth differentiation hypothesis suggesting population divergence decreases with depth. 2) The strong break in population structure at 3300 m may represent an unrecognized phylogeographic barrier. 3) Abyssal populations may be sinks that suffer chronic local extinction from being too rare to mate successfully, and are maintained by continued immigration from more abundant bathyal source populations. The investigators will test each of these hypotheses using deep-sea protobranch bivalves and multiple independent loci. Nuclear loci are essential as independent measures of population structure, gene flow and historical influences, but are also critical to establish whether some of the remarkable divergences we have documented represent cryptic species. The primary focus of this project is to collect the samples and develop nuclear markers from those samples that are sufficiently variable in deep-sea protobranchs to test each of the hypotheses and distinguish intra versus interspecific variation.The source-sink hypothesis of abyssal biodiversity is the most synthetic and comprehensive explanation of large-scale patterns of species diversity in the deep ocean. If proven correct by the proposed study of population genetic structure, it will greatly simplify our understanding of both evolutionary and ecological causes of species diversity patterns. Broader impacts of the research program include training for undergraduate and graduate students and public school teachers. UMass-Boston students and faculty have outstanding opportunities to be directly involved in science education and public outreach at all levels. The biology Department has NSF-Research Experiences for Undergraduate and NSF-Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology grants oriented toward underrepresented minorities. The campus has a Boston Science Partnership Grant to upgrade high school science curricula and a Center of Ocean Science Education Excellence to foster public awareness of ocean science. The research also has broad relevance for conservation and sustainable development of the deep-sea ecosystem. Genetic population structure is a crucial component of biodiversity, and has important implications for extinction potential from deep-sea exploitation.

深海支持最多样化和独特的海洋社区之一，其进化和历史发展几乎是未知的。该研究项目将在这个广阔的环境下回答有关进化多样性的两个最基本问题的贡献：它在哪里发生，如何发生？它还将为深海的未来进化研究创造一个扎实的概念和方法论环境。在该项目中，研究人员开发了一项深海抽样计划，以解决有关深海进化的三个主要假设，这些假设是他们以前的工作中出现的。 1）深度分化假设表明种群差异随深度降低。 2）3300 m处的人口结构的强烈破裂可能代表未识别的植物障碍。 3）深渊种群可能是遭受慢性局部灭绝的水槽，这太罕见了，无法成功地交配，并且由于持续的大量Bathyal Source种群的持续移民而维持。研究人员将使用深海原始双壳类和多个独立基因座测试这些假设中的每一个。核基因座是必不可少的，因为人口结构，基因流量和历史影响的独立度量，但对于确定我们记录的一些显着差异是否代表着隐性物种也至关重要。该项目的主要重点是收集样品并从这些样品中开发出核标记，这些样品在深海原始物质中有足够可变的样品，以测试每个假设并区分种类内部与种间变化。深渊生物多样性的来源 - 链接假说是大型多样性多样性多种多样的综合和综合解释。如果通过对种群遗传结构的拟议研究证明是正确的，它将大大简化我们对物种多样性模式进化和生态原因的理解。该研究计划的更广泛影响包括对本科和研究生和公立学校教师的培训。 UMass-Boston的学生和教职员工有很棒的机会直接参与各级科学教育和公共宣传。生物学部门在环境生物学授予的本科生和NSF跨本科指导方面拥有NSF研究经验，这些经验是针对代表性不足的少数群体的。该校园拥有波士顿科学合作伙伴关系赠款，以升级高中科学课程和海洋科学教育中心卓越，以促进公众对海洋科学的认识。该研究还与深海生态系统的保护和可持续发展具有广泛的相关性。遗传种群结构是生物多样性的关键组成部分，对深海开发的灭绝潜力具有重要意义。