UNAVCO Community and Facility Support: Geodesy Advancing Earth Science Research

0735156通过本合作协议提供的资金将在五年期间支持联安维和部队全球定位系统（GPS）和大地测量技术支助设施的继续管理和运作。UNAVCO基金由UNAVCO， Inc.（以下简称UNAVCO）管理，这是一家非营利性公司，由UNAVCO成员选举产生的董事会管理，该成员主要由在大地测量学方面有活跃研究项目的美国学术机构组成。目前有100多个成员机构。联阿援助团的任务是推进测量地壳变形的高精度技术。该设施由美国国家科学基金会地球科学部、极地项目办公室和美国国家航空航天局（通过年度机构转移）提供支持，其职责包括：1)为美国国家科学基金会支持的科学家提供最先进的GPS设备库的维护；2)提供专门从事NSF和NASA资助的GPS和大地测量技术项目规划、后勤和现场工程支持的人员；3)维护NASA全球GPS网络（GGN），该网络为国际地球旋转和参考系统服务（IERS）提供国际地面参考框架（ITRF）解决方案所需的关键数据；4) GPS数据档案的开发和维护；5)规划和协调各种大地测量社区活动（如科学研讨会、指导委员会会议）；6)商业GPS新技术的开发与评估；7)使用精密大地测量技术，确保代表美国学术研究界的代表性和响应性治理过程；8)向学生和公众提供关于精确大地测量研究应用、地球科学和联合国维和行动的教育和宣传。该基金为超过25名全职科学家、工程师和相关业务支持人员提供工资支持。在空间和时间上密集的GPS观测导致了地球科学的根本性新发现，这些发现对我们对地球系统的理解以及地球内部动力学、构造、岩浆、地震和地表过程与全球气候系统之间复杂的相互作用产生了重大影响。对地球表面的观测具有内在的社会相关性。联阿援助团基金通过促进在了解和应对地震、火山和海岸边缘灾害以及气候动态对地球冰冻圈和水圈的影响方面取得进展，为科学和公共政策事业作出了重要贡献。设施给科学界和社会带来的好处超出了美国的国界。该基金支持国际大地测量学研究和向发展中国家转让技术。联安援助团的设施支助已开始对地球科学以外的领域产生影响，包括支助全球定位系统实时动态研究，以描述桥梁等主要灵活土木工程结构的动态特征。设施教育和外展项目促进了技术培训，增加了学生参与地球科学的多样性，从而提高了美国在全球技术经济中的竞争力。＊＊＊

0735156MeertensFunding through this Cooperative Agreement will support the continued management and operation of the UNAVCO Global Positioning System (GPS) and geodetic technology support facility over a five year period. The UNAVCO Facility is managed by UNAVCO, Inc. (hereafter referred to as UNAVCO), a non-profit corporation governed by a Board of Directors elected by the UNAVCO membership comprised predominantly of U.S. academic institutions with active research programs in geodesy. There are currently over 100 member institutions. The UNAVCO mission is to advance high precision techniques for the measurement of crustal deformation. The Facility is supported by NSF Division of Earth Sciences, Office of Polar Programs and NASA (through annual agency transfers) for responsibilities including: 1) maintenance of a pool of state-of-the-art GPS equipment available to NSF-supported scientists; 2) provision of personnel dedicated to NSF and NASA funded GPS and geodetic technologies project planning, logistics and field engineering support; 3) maintenance of the NASA Global GPS Network (GGN) that provides crucial data to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) needed for International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) solutions; 4) development and maintenance of a GPS data archive; 5) planning and coordination of various geodetic community activities (e.g., scientific workshops, steering committee meetings); 6) development and evaluation of new commercial GPS technology; 7) ensuring a representative and responsive governance process on behalf of the U.S. academic research community using precision geodetic techniques; and 8) provision of education and outreach to students and the public about precision geodetic research applications, the Earth sciences, and UNAVCO. Funding provides salary support for a staff of over 25 full time scientists, engineers and associated business support staff. Dense GPS observations in space and time have resulted in fundamental new discoveries in the Earth sciences that have had a significant impact on our understanding of the Earth system and the complex interplays between the Earth's interior dynamics, tectonic, magmatic, seismic and surface processes, and the global climate system. Observations of the surface Earth are inherently societally relevant. The UNAVCO Facility makes key contributions to the science and public policy enterprise through facilitating advances in understanding and responding to seismic, volcanic and coastal margin hazards and the effects of climate dynamics on the Earth's cryosphere and hydrosphere. Facility benefits to the science community and society extend beyond U.S. borders. The Facility supports international research in geodesy and technology transfer to developing countries. UNAVCO Facility support is beginning to make an impact outside of the Earth sciences, including support for real-time kinematic GPS studies to characterize the dynamics of major flexible civil engineering structures such as bridges. Facility education and outreach programs stimulate technological training and increased diversity in student participation in the geosciences that enhance U.S. competitiveness in the global technology economy. ***