MOD: Design Tools to Cognitive Processes to Innovation

MOD：从认知过程到创新的设计工具

• 批准号: 0738071
• 负责人: Christian Schunn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0738071&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MOD; Design; Tools; Cognitive; Processes

The U.S. is facing serious challenges in the fields of science and technology and our future engineers must use innovation to generate new products, create employment opportunities, and strengthen the national economy. Furthermore, the existing connections between cognitive science and engineering are nationally quite small. This study provides a much needed diverse set of investigators to bridge knowledge across these areas. Engineering design is a rich interplay of physical and mental. Successful design engineers move from ideas to completed designs using artifacts and tools. Over the past several decades, the number of tools and artifacts available to engineers has become nearly limitless. These tools include drawing programs, quantitative modeling software, sketch paper, computer aided design programs, and prototyping facilities. Despite their importance for supporting creativity and innovative ideas, little is presently known about how tools differentially support innovative design. A lack of knowledge how these tools impact innovative design limits improvements to tools and practical knowledge of how and when to use those tools in design.The goal of the current study is to begin to build a fundamental understanding of the cognitive processes underlying the role of tools and artifacts in the innovative design process, by combining strengths in cognitive science research and innovative design education (Swanson Center for Product Innovation) at the University of Pittsburgh. A large-scale experiment that examines the ways in which artifacts and tools contribute to innovative design is conducted. This experiment is used to collect a massive database of design activities, consisting of approximately 3,000 hours of video from approximately 60 undergraduate and graduate-level engineering design teams using cyber-infrastructure for video collection leveraged through this grant. The video is then strategically sampled to unpack the causal path from design/tools artifacts in the environment, to core cognitive processes underlying design, to dimensions of design creativity, to the ultimate success of the designed object. In addition, new engineering design innovativeness metrics are developed, validated, and refined. The merit of this study lies within the fact that such a comprehensive study on the learning of design tools and artifacts will substantially expand the understanding of the fundamental processes involved in this important, but often overlooked field.At the completion of this study, it is expected that the knowledge gained will allow the investigators to lead the development of a new suite of design tools and strategies for supporting practicing engineers and educating engineering students. These tools and strategies could have far reaching implications as they could initiate substantial changes in design practice and engineering design education. This study also involves an enormous data collection effort. The resulting video database will provide volumes of data on the role of tools and artifacts in innovative design, only a small portion of which is to be analyzed during the grant period. This video database will foster considerable follow-up analyses for years to come. The resulting video database will be disseminated throughout the academic community.

美国在科学技术领域面临严重的挑战，我们的未来工程师必须使用创新来产生新产品，创造就业机会并加强国民经济。此外，认知科学与工程学之间的现有联系在全国范围内很小。这项研究提供了一组急需的研究人员，以弥合这些领域的知识。工程设计是身体和心理的丰富相互作用。成功的设计工程师使用工具和工具从想法转变为完成的设计。在过去的几十年中，工程师可用的工具和工件的数量几乎变得无限。这些工具包括绘图程序，定量建模软件，草图纸，计算机辅助设计程序和原型设施。尽管它们对于支持创造力和创新思想的重要性，但目前对工具如何差异化的创新设计知之甚少。 A lack of knowledge how these tools impact innovative design limits improvements to tools and practical knowledge of how and when to use those tools in design.The goal of the current study is to begin to build a fundamental understanding of the cognitive processes underlying the role of tools and artifacts in the innovative design process, by combining strengths in cognitive science research and innovative design education (Swanson Center for Product Innovation) at the University of Pittsburgh.一个大规模的实验，研究工具和工具有助于创新设计的方式。该实验用于收集大量的设计活动数据库，其中包括大约3,000个小时的视频，该视频来自大约60个本科生和研究生级工程设计团队，使用网络基础设施通过这笔赠款利用了视频收集。然后，将视频进行战略性采样，以解开从环境中的设计/工具工具到设计创造力的核心认知过程到设计创造力的核心认知过程，再到设计对象的最终成功。此外，开发，验证和精制的新工程设计创新度指标。这项研究的优点在于这样一个事实，即对设计工具和工件学习的如此全面的研究将大大扩展对这个重要但经常被忽视的基本过程的理解，但经常被忽视的领域。在完成这项研究后，预计所获得的知识将使研究人员能够为设计工具和策略提供新的工具和策略来为实践工程和教育设计师提供服务，并领导着设计工具和策略。这些工具和策略可能会产生很大的影响，因为它们可以在设计实践和工程设计教育上引发实质性变化。这项研究还涉及巨大的数据收集工作。由此产生的视频数据库将提供大量有关工具和工件在创新设计中的作用的数据，其中只有一小部分在赠款期间进行分析。该视频数据库将在未来几年内促进大量的后续分析。由此产生的视频数据库将在整个学术界传播。