Collaborative Research: Chemistry of the Earth's Deep Interior

智力上的功绩。20世纪60年代活塞-气缸装置的发展使地球内部的研究发生了革命性的变化，使模拟地球上地幔的条件成为可能。上世纪80年代，随着多砧器的普及，S将岩石学的研究范围扩展到了下地幔顶部(深度达750千米)。今天，激光加热的钻石顶顶盒(DAC)和纳米尺度的化学分析的进展为研究与地球深部相关的地球物理和地球化学问题开辟了新的机会，这些问题涉及到100 Gpa以上的地球内部--一直到核心。这项提议的目标是建立激光加热的DAC，作为研究极端条件下化学传质的工具，例如在核-地幔边界(CMB)发现的那些条件。我们提出了“概念验证”和技术开发研究，为更广泛的研究奠定了基础。具体项目包括(1)Ni、Co在液态金属和液态硅酸盐之间的分配；(2)Re、Pt、Os在固体Fe和Fe-S熔体之间的分配。我们预计这些实验的压力范围将高达100 Gpa，这使得我们能够对地球形成过程中假想的岩浆海洋的深度施加实验限制，以及可能反映CMB和地核化学的地球化学特征。拟议的研究将在岩石学、矿物物理、地球化学和地球物理的界面上开辟新的研究机会，并产生了解地球内部和开发新的前沿研究前沿所需的高质量数据。该项目将涉及对研究生和博士后助理的培训，并为他们提供具有竞争力的研究经验。预期结果将在许多不同领域产生广泛影响，包括实验岩石学、地球化学、地球物理、矿物物理和地球动力学。此外，卡内基研究所和史密森国家自然历史博物馆之间的这种合作确保了成果将向普通公众、K-12学生、国会议员和慈善家传播，并置于更广泛的背景下，以促进地球科学研究，提高地球科学在公共领域的知名度。

Intellectual Merit. The development of the piston-cylinder apparatus in the 1960s revolutionized the study of the Earth's interior, allowing simulation of conditions in the Earth's upper mantle. Popularization of the multi-anvil device in the 80's extended petrology's reach to the top of the lower mantle (down to 750 km depth). Today, advances in laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) and chemical analyses at the nano-scale open new opportunities for studying geophysical and geochemical problems related to the Earth's deep interior to greater than 100 GPa - all the way to the core. The goal of this proposal is to establish the laser-heated DAC as a tool to study chemical mass transfer under extreme conditions such as those found at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). We propose a "proof of concept" and technique development study to lay the groundwork for more extensive investigations. Specific projects include (1) Ni, Co partitioning between liquid metal and liquid silicate, and (2) Re, Pt, Os partitioning between solid Fe and Fe-S melt. We expect the experiments to range up to 100 GPa in pressure, allowing us to place experimental constraints on the depth of an hypothesized magma ocean during formation of the Earth, and the geochemical signatures that may reflect the chemistry of CMB and the Earth's core.Broad Impacts. The proposed research will open new research opportunities at the interface of petrology, mineral physics, geochemistry, and geophysics, and produce high-quality data that are necessary for understanding the interior of the Earth and develop new cutting-edge research frontiers. The project will involve training of graduate students and postdoctoral associates and provide them with competitive research experience. The expected results will have broad impact in many different fields including experimental petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineral physics, and geodynamics. Further, this collaboration between the Carnegie Institution and the Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History, ensures that the results will be disseminated to the lay-public, K-12 students, members of congress, and philanthropists, and placed within a broader context to promote Earth science research and increase the visibility of the Earth sciences in the public domain.