Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Native Cultural Persistence at Mission Santa Catalina

博士论文改进补助金：圣卡塔利娜教会的本土文化持久性

• 批准号: 0742062
• 负责人: Kent Lightfoot
• 金额: $ 1.49万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-01 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0742062&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Native

Dominican friars operated Mission Santa Catalina, Baja California, Mexico, from 1797 to 1840, primarily drawing neophytes from local hunter-gatherer groups. Today the descendants of these neophytes still live in the vicinity of the mission ruins, in the Paipai community of Santa Catarina. This outcome, however, was far from certain. The mission period was particularly devastating for the native peoples of the region and the Paipai are one of the few indigenous groups in Baja California who still maintain a distinct tribal identity. Under the supervision of Dr. Kent Lightfoot, Mr. Lee Panich will conduct his dissertation research on artifacts excavated from Mission Santa Catalina. This investigation into the lives of the Paipai who lived and worked at Mission Santa Catalina will help to develop models of cultural persistence that can explain the varied outcomes that the colonial period had for indigenous groups across the Americas.Excavations at the site of Mission Santa Catalina were focused on two neophyte habitation areas located directly outside the mission quadrangle and characterized by dense cultural deposits. These excavations have produced a significant number of artifacts dating to the mission period including native pottery, animal bones, charred botanical remains, stone tools and associated byproducts, as well as a limited number of colonial goods such as Mexican and Asian ceramics. The analysis of these artifacts will focus on determining how certain hunting and gathering practices as well as trade and social relationships were both changed and maintained during the mission period. For example, x-ray fluorescence analysis will be conducted on a sample of native ceramics and worked obsidian in order to determine the geological source of the raw material in question. This information will in turn shed light on the ties native people may have had to regions and communities outside of the mission. Faunal and botanical analysis will show which species of wild and domestic animals and plants were being used and consumed by mission neophytes, giving insight into whether or not native people accepted or rejected introduced foods and practices. Similarly, colonial goods recovered from indigenous contexts will be examined to understand how native people may have used new materials and concepts in culturally specific ways. Historic documents, previous ethnographic accounts, and Paipai oral traditions will also be used to contextualize the nature of social life at Mission Santa Catalina. Through the use of archaeological, ethnographic, and historical evidence, this project will examine the cultural and social factors that facilitated the persistence of Paipai identity at Mission Santa Catalina with the goal of advancing models of cultural persistence that may be used to understand better past instances of culture contact and colonialism. Issues of identity and cultural persistence are of paramount importance for Native American communities today as they continue to negotiate with various private and government agencies over issues of territory, sovereignty, and cultural resources. Members of the Paipai descendant community are integrated into the project to ensure that this research aids community goals, and tribal members additionally have the opportunity to learn archaeological field methods. This project is also part of a growing collaboration between U.S. and Mexican researchers who are working together to share data and ideas and to preserve the cultural resources of the border region.

1797年至1840年，多明我会修士在墨西哥下加利福尼亚的使命圣卡塔利纳传教，主要从当地狩猎采集者群体中招募新人。今天，这些新教徒的后代仍然生活在使命遗址附近的圣卡塔里纳的派派社区。 然而，这一结果远未确定。 使命时期对该地区的土著人民造成了特别严重的破坏，派派人是下加利福尼亚少数几个仍然保持独特部落身份的土著群体之一。在肯特莱特富特博士的监督下，李·帕尼奇先生将对从使命圣卡塔利纳挖掘出的文物进行论文研究。 对在使命圣卡塔利纳生活和工作的派派人生活的调查将有助于发展文化持久性的模式，可以解释殖民时期对美洲各地土著群体的不同结果。使命圣卡塔利纳遗址的调查集中在两个新的居住区，这两个居住区直接位于使命四边形之外，具有浓厚的文化底蕴。 这些发掘产生了大量的文物，可以追溯到使命时期，包括本地陶器，动物骨骼，烧焦的植物遗骸，石器和相关的副产品，以及数量有限的殖民商品，如墨西哥和亚洲陶瓷。对这些文物的分析将集中在确定某些狩猎和采集做法以及贸易和社会关系在使命期间是如何改变和维持的。例如，将对天然陶瓷和加工过的黑曜石样品进行X射线荧光分析，以确定有关原材料的地质来源。 这一信息反过来将有助于了解土著人民可能与使命以外的地区和社区的联系。动物和植物分析将显示哪些野生和家养动物和植物物种被使命新手使用和消费，让人们深入了解当地人是否接受或拒绝引进的食物和做法。 同样，将审查从土著环境中恢复的殖民物品，以了解土著人民如何以特定的文化方式使用新材料和概念。历史文献，以前的民族志帐户，和派派伊的口头传统也将被用来在使命圣卡塔利纳的社会生活的性质的背景。通过使用考古学、人种学和历史证据，该项目将研究促进使命圣卡塔利纳的派派伊身份持续存在的文化和社会因素，目的是推进文化持续存在的模式，可用于更好地理解过去的文化接触和殖民主义。 身份和文化持久性问题对今天的美洲原住民社区至关重要，因为他们继续与各种私人和政府机构就领土、主权和文化资源问题进行谈判。 派派后裔社区的成员被纳入该项目，以确保这项研究有助于社区目标，部落成员也有机会学习考古实地方法。该项目也是美国和墨西哥研究人员之间不断增长的合作的一部分，他们正在共同努力分享数据和想法，并保护边境地区的文化资源。