Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Economic Organization of a Postclassic Center and its Hinterlands in Veracruz, Mexico

博士论文改进补助金：墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯后古典中心及其腹地的经济组织

• 批准号: 0742324
• 负责人: Barbara Stark
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-01 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0742324&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Economic

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara L. Stark, Alanna Ossa will analyze archaeological residential inventories from the center of Sauce (Veracruz, Mexico) and its hinterlands to address the possible appearance of markets and the structure of exchange during the Middle Postclassic period (AD 1200-1350). Archaeologists have identified and studied market exchange for major highland states in the Valley of Oaxaca (Monte Alban) and the Basin of Mexico (Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan). For Lowland Veracruz, however, the nature of economic organization remains unknown. Increases in craft productivity and less powerful states are recognized as contributing factors in commercial economic development in Postclassic Mesoamerica. A study focused on a small-scale Gulf economy will reveal how extensive Postclassic period commercialization was in regions distant from the markets known for the larger states. Additionally, the small center of Sauce is a promising case study because prior regional survey identified changes in local commodity distribution and craft production suggestive of commercial exchange. This project develops a method to deal with the mix of social, political, and commercial factors that shape economic organization. Recent innovations in identifying exchange mechanisms posit that with marketing, all residential units should have access to products, with the amounts varying gradually based on wealth. Where social network exchange is prominent such as elite gift-giving or kin networks, products will be restricted in access, resulting in higher frequencies for a subset of residences, and absence or low frequencies in others. By first identifying exchange mechanisms for different products via residential consumption, this study uses the spatial fall-off of products from the center to identify how the economy articulated with the settlement system. This project will use 65 residential units from Sauce and its hinterlands to define the roles of marketing and social network exchange. All household items including cooking utensils, serving dishes, chipped stone tools, etc., will be analyzed for each residential mound. Market availability of luxury products is considered a key characteristic of commercialization within Postclassic Mesoamerica. Therefore, labor production cost and value estimates will be used to compare how basic necessities, such as cooking and storage vessels, versus more expensive goods circulated in south-central Veracruz. Results of this research will help answer how Gulf economic changes match and/or depart from broader socioeconomic trends in Mesoamerica. In its broader impacts, this research develops and tests methods linking market, networks, and fall-off patterning of products that can be used to evaluate exchange mechanisms and community-scale economic organization from archaeological data. These methods will prove useful in building substantive archaeological models of economic organization that can be applied to other economies in transition. This research also continues decades of collaborative efforts between U.S. and Mexican scholars in the survey projects. Mexican students will be incorporated in the field team, and local community members will participate in the surface collection and analysis of an important segment of their regional history. Data from this project will be shared, providing a base for expanding Gulf Postclassic research. The results, dataset, and methods used for this project will be disseminated through publications, presentations at scholarly conferences, and online through internet sites.

在Barbara L. Stark博士的指导下，Alanna Ossa将分析Sauce（墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州）中心及其腹地的考古住宅库存，以解决后古典时期中期（公元1200-1350年）可能出现的市场和交换结构。考古学家已经确定并研究了瓦哈卡山谷（蒙特阿尔班）和墨西哥盆地（特奥蒂瓦坎和特诺奇蒂特兰）主要高地州的市场交换。然而，对于低地韦拉克鲁斯来说，经济组织的性质仍然未知。手工业生产力的提高和实力较弱的国家被认为是后古典中美洲商业经济发展的促进因素。一项针对小规模海湾经济体的研究将揭示后古典时期商业化在远离大州市场的地区是多么广泛。此外，酱的小中心是一个有希望的案例研究，因为先前的区域调查确定了当地商品分布和工艺生产的变化，这表明了商业交换。这个项目开发了一种方法来处理塑造经济组织的社会、政治和商业因素的混合。最近在确定交换机制方面的创新假设，通过营销，所有住宅单位都应该有机会获得产品，其数量根据财富逐渐变化。在社会网络交换突出的地方，如精英送礼或亲属网络，产品的访问将受到限制，导致部分住宅的频率较高，而其他住宅的频率较低或不存在。本研究首先通过居民消费确定不同产品的交换机制，利用产品从中心的空间脱落来确定经济如何与结算系统联系起来。该项目将使用来自酱油及其腹地的65个住宅单元来定义营销和社交网络交换的角色。所有家庭用品，包括炊具、餐具、石制工具等，将被分析为每个住宅土堆。奢侈品的市场可用性被认为是后古典中美洲商业化的一个关键特征。因此，劳动力生产成本和价值估计将用于比较基本必需品（如烹饪和储存容器）与更昂贵的商品在韦拉克鲁斯中南部的流通情况。这项研究的结果将有助于回答海湾地区的经济变化如何与中美洲更广泛的社会经济趋势相匹配或背离。在其更广泛的影响中，本研究开发并测试了将市场、网络和产品脱落模式联系起来的方法，这些方法可用于从考古数据中评估交换机制和社区规模的经济组织。这些方法将证明有助于建立经济组织的实质性考古模型，这些模型可适用于其他转型期经济。这项研究也延续了美国和墨西哥学者在调查项目上几十年的合作努力。墨西哥学生将被纳入实地小组，当地社区成员将参与对其地区历史重要部分的地表收集和分析。该项目的数据将被共享，为扩大海湾后古典研究提供基础。该项目的结果、数据集和方法将通过出版物、学术会议报告和互联网网站在线传播。