Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Colonial Persistence and Transformation of Social and Economic Relations: Veracruz Port to Pensacola Presidios

在芭芭拉·L·斯塔克博士的指导下，克里斯塔·埃施巴赫将比较18世纪墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯的卡斯塔社区和佛罗里达州彭萨科拉教区的历史和考古数据，以评估社会和经济关系的持久性和变革。殖民研究经常将社会转型问题构建在殖民者/殖民者二分法中，这可能会掩盖两个群体内部的差异。在公元1698年至1763年间，数百个种姓(混合血统的种姓)从墨西哥的城市中心被送往彭萨科拉的三个院长。这项研究将明确这些不同的殖民代理人的起源和战略，这些代理人在历史上通过军事招募和政府供应联系在一起。由于总统府连续占据了65年以上，它们为评估边境地区社会变化的速度提供了一个理想的案例。为了评估策略，埃施巴赫将分析历史数据和住宅环境中的陶器。从这些背景中发现的陶器类别中，大约有一半是众所周知的，但普通陶器、铅釉陶器和滑移(或彩绘)陶器受到的关注较少，将构成实验室程序的主要重点。分析将包括属性的目视检查、化学和矿物学研究以及岩石学。这些方法将用于识别韦拉克鲁斯和彭萨科拉当地生产的商品，并比较制造技术，以区分卡斯塔斯生产的商品和佛罗里达州的美洲原住民生产的商品。这个项目是少数几个研究帝国边疆陶瓷技术和社会经济关系变化的地区间研究之一。在概念层面上，这项研究考察了制度和不同殖民者在社会转型中的贡献。对社会变革的更好理解有助于洞察帝国/殖民地的持续存在以及新国家在接下来的一个世纪内的出现。在实质层面上，这项研究通过区分种姓和美洲原住民的生产，修订了佛罗里达州陶器的广泛分类。此外，这项研究将为受到较少关注的地区提供仪器中子活化分析的比较数据，并将比较成本较低的化学表征方法的实用性。研究将通过在墨西哥和美国以西班牙语和英语发表出版物、演讲和公开演讲，增加对墨西哥考古学殖民时代的当前了解，并促进跨国界的信息共享。所有数据将通过数字考古记录永久在线提供。人类学研究生和本科生将接受考古测量技术方面的培训和经验。在美国，这个项目将加深我们目前对非洲和墨西哥对美国历史的贡献的理解。

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara L. Stark, Ms. Krista Eschbach will compare 18th century historical and archaeological data from casta neighborhoods in Veracruz, Mexico, to that from presidios of Pensacola, Florida, to assess persistence and transformation in social and economic relations. Colonial research often structures questions of social transformation within a colonized/colonizer dichotomy, which can disguise variation within both groups. Between A.D. 1698 and 1763, hundreds of castas (those of mixed heritage) were sent from urban centers in Mexico to three Pensacola presidios. This research will make explicit the origin and strategies of these diverse colonial agents that were historically linked through military recruitment and governmental supply. Because the presidios were sequentially occupied over 65 years, they offer an ideal case for assessing rapidity of social change in a borderland. To assess strategies, Ms. Eschbach will analyze historical data and pottery from residential contexts. Approximately half of the pottery categories recovered from these contexts are well understood, but plain, lead-glazed, and slipped (or painted) pottery have received less attention and will constitute the main focus of laboratory procedures. Analyses will include visual inspection of attributes, chemical and mineralogical studies, and petrography. These methods will be used to identify wares that were locally produced in Veracruz and Pensacola and to compare manufacturing techniques to discriminate between wares produced by castas and Native Americans in Florida. This project represents one of the few interregional studies of changing ceramic technology and socioeconomic relations in an imperial frontier. At the conceptual level, this research examines the contributions of both institutions and diverse colonizers in social transformations. A better understanding of social transformations offers insights into imperial/colonial persistence and the emergence of new nations within the following century. At the substantive level, this research revises broad categorization of pottery in Florida by discriminating production by castas from Native Americans. Further, this research will provide comparative data from Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis for regions that have received less attention and will compare the utility of a lower cost method of chemical characterization. Research will add to current understanding of the colonial era in Mexican archaeology and contribute to information sharing across international borders, through publications, presentations, and public talks in Spanish and English in Mexico and the United States. All data will be made permanently available online through the Digital Archaeological Record. Graduate and undergraduate anthropology students will receive training and experience in archaeometric techniques. In the United States, this project will add to our current understanding of African and Mexican contributions to the American past.