The Nature of the True Navigation map of Migratory Songbirds

Martin WikelskiIOS-0744704迁徙鸣禽的真实导航图的性质尽管对迁徙鸣禽如何在繁殖地和越冬地之间导航进行了50多年的深入研究，但鸟类的导航图仍然未知。这个项目试图解决这个问题，在一个模型系统的迁徙鸣禽，白冠麻雀，繁殖在阿拉斯加和冬季在加州。先进的无线电跟踪技术将用于在野外长距离跟踪候鸟。从以前的研究中可以知道，成年鸟类从阿拉斯加向南迁徙时会使用地图信息：从华盛顿州迁徙到新泽西的成年鸟类会飞回加州。在新泽西，受到同样挑战的青少年继续向南迁移，这表明青少年只根据天生的罗盘方位导航。成年鸟（拥有地图）和未成年鸟（只拥有指南针）之间的这种差异，提供了一个理想的系统来操纵感官线索，并测试野生候鸟的定向成功率，在野外导航，而不是在实验室里。该项目将在每年秋季迁徙期间跟踪24只成年和24只幼年白冠麻雀，为期3年。研究人员将1/3的鸟类暴露于嗅觉剥夺（测试嗅觉地图假设），1/3的鸟类暴露于磁脉冲（测试磁地图假设），并将1/3的鸟类作为对照。从成年鸟类的定向成功，将有可能确定哪些线索是必不可少的导航地图在候鸟。该项目将能够i）测试和开发新的跟踪方法，为小移动的生物允许监测农业害虫物种，如蝗虫和疾病载体和ii）吸引K-12学生的鸣禽迁徙的研究通过？科学伙伴？网络

Martin WikelskiIOS-0744704The Nature of the True Navigation Map of Migratory SongbirdsDespite more than 50 years of intensive research on how migratory songbirds navigate between breeding and wintering grounds, the navigational map of birds remains unknown. This project attempts to resolve this question in a model system of migratory songbirds, the White-crowned sparrow, that breeds in Alaska and winters in California. Advanced radio-tracking technology will be employed to follow migratory birds for long distances in the wild. It is known from previous research that adult birds use map information when they migrate south from Alaska: Adults that were translocated during their migration from Washington State to New Jersey flew back towards California. Juveniles exposed to the same challenge continued to migrate south in New Jersey, indicating that juveniles navigate based only on an innate compass bearing. This difference between adults (possessing a map) and juveniles (possessing only a compass) provides an ideal system to manipulate sensory cues and test orientation success in wild migratory birds, navigating in the field, rather than in the laboratory. This project will track 24 adult and 24 juvenile white-crowned sparrows during fall migration every year for 3 years. Researchers will expose 1/3 of the birds to olfactory deprivation (testing the olfactory map hypothesis), 1/3 of the birds to a magnetic pulse (testing the magnetic map hypothesis), and will use 1/3 of the birds as controls. From the orientation success of adult birds it will be possible to determine which cues are essential for the navigational map in migratory birds.This project will be able to i) test and develop new tracking methodologies for small mobile organisms allowing for the monitoring of agricultural pest species such as locusts and disease vectors and ii) attract K-12 students to the study of songbird migration via the ?Science Buddies? network.