The Nature of the True Navigation map of Migratory Songbirds

迁徙鸣禽真正导航图的本质尽管对迁徙鸣禽如何在繁殖地和越冬地之间导航进行了50多年的深入研究，但鸟类的导航图仍然未知。这个项目试图在一个候鸟模型系统中解决这个问题，白冠麻雀在阿拉斯加繁殖，在加利福尼亚过冬。先进的无线电跟踪技术将用于在野外长距离跟踪候鸟。从以前的研究中我们知道，成年鸟类在从阿拉斯加向南迁徙时使用地图信息：在从华盛顿州迁徙到新泽西州的过程中被转移的成年鸟类飞回加州。在同样的挑战下，幼鱼继续向南迁移到新泽西，这表明幼鱼只根据天生的指南针方向导航。这种成鸟（拥有地图）和幼鸟（只有指南针）之间的差异，提供了一个理想的系统来操纵感官线索，并测试野生候鸟的定向成功，在野外导航，而不是在实验室。该项目将在三年的时间里，每年追踪24只成年白冠麻雀和24只幼白冠麻雀的秋季迁徙。研究人员将1/3的鸟暴露于嗅觉剥夺（测试嗅觉图假设），1/3的鸟暴露于磁脉冲（测试磁图假设），并将1/3的鸟作为对照。从成年鸟的定位成功将有可能确定哪些线索对候鸟的导航地图是必不可少的。该项目将能够i)测试和开发小型移动生物的新跟踪方法，以便监测蝗虫和病媒等农业害虫物种；ii)吸引K-12学生通过？科学伙伴?网络。

Martin WikelskiIOS-0744704The Nature of the True Navigation Map of Migratory SongbirdsDespite more than 50 years of intensive research on how migratory songbirds navigate between breeding and wintering grounds, the navigational map of birds remains unknown. This project attempts to resolve this question in a model system of migratory songbirds, the White-crowned sparrow, that breeds in Alaska and winters in California. Advanced radio-tracking technology will be employed to follow migratory birds for long distances in the wild. It is known from previous research that adult birds use map information when they migrate south from Alaska: Adults that were translocated during their migration from Washington State to New Jersey flew back towards California. Juveniles exposed to the same challenge continued to migrate south in New Jersey, indicating that juveniles navigate based only on an innate compass bearing. This difference between adults (possessing a map) and juveniles (possessing only a compass) provides an ideal system to manipulate sensory cues and test orientation success in wild migratory birds, navigating in the field, rather than in the laboratory. This project will track 24 adult and 24 juvenile white-crowned sparrows during fall migration every year for 3 years. Researchers will expose 1/3 of the birds to olfactory deprivation (testing the olfactory map hypothesis), 1/3 of the birds to a magnetic pulse (testing the magnetic map hypothesis), and will use 1/3 of the birds as controls. From the orientation success of adult birds it will be possible to determine which cues are essential for the navigational map in migratory birds.This project will be able to i) test and develop new tracking methodologies for small mobile organisms allowing for the monitoring of agricultural pest species such as locusts and disease vectors and ii) attract K-12 students to the study of songbird migration via the ?Science Buddies? network.