COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Chemostratigraphic Analysis of Panthalassic and Tethyan Permian-Triassic Boundary Sections: Assessment of Global Paleoceanographic Dynamics

合作研究：泛古纪和特提斯二叠纪-三叠纪边界剖面的化学地层分析：全球古海洋动力学评估

• 批准号: 0745574
• 负责人: Thomas Algeo
• 金额: $ 26.66万
• 依托单位: University of Cincinnati Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0745574&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Chemostratigraphic; Analysis; Panthalassic

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Chemostratigraphic Analysis of Panthalassic and Tethyan Permian-Triassic Boundary Sections: Assessment of Global Paleoceanographic DynamicsEAR-0745574 Thomas Algeo, University of Cincinnati¡XLeadEAR-0745393 Brooks B. Ellwood, Louisiana State UniversityEAR-0746189 Katherine Freeman, Pennsylvania State UniversityEAR-0745592 Timothy Lyons, University of California, RiversideEAR-0745817 Arne Winguth and Harry Rowe, University of Texas, ArlingtonABSTRACTThe causes and dynamics of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) mass extinction, the largest in Earth history, remain uncertain. Gradual deterioration of marine and terrestrial environments during the Late Permian and persistence of inhospitable conditions through the Early Triassic suggest that intrinsic factors were important, but an extinction rate peak, abrupt lithofacies changes, and geochemical anomalies associated with the end-Permian event horizon are evidence of a catastrophic event (e.g., massive volcanic eruption, bolide impact, and/or large-scale oceanic overturn). Despite long study of the PTB, there are remarkably few integrated, high-resolution chemostratigraphic studies of marine boundary sections that can address critical questions related to the extent and intensity of Permo-Triassic deep-ocean anoxia, patterns of upwelling of toxic deep-ocean waters onto shallow-marine shelves and platforms, the relationship of such events to contemporaneous changes in seawater carbonate saturation and to the delayed recovery of marine biotas, controls on the post-extinction global negative C-isotope shift, and the relative timing and causal relationship of PTB crises in the marine and terrestrial realms. In this project, we propose to generate geochemical proxy datasets consisting of magnetic susceptibility, elemental concentrations, TOC-TIC, ?Ô13Ccarb-?Ô13Corg, S-Fe speciation, ?Ô34Ssulfide-?Ô34Ssulfate, REEs, and biomarkers for a total of 19 sections in eight study areas, including 8 sections in four areas of the former Panthalassic Ocean (the Cache Creek terrane, Western Sedimentary Basin, and Sverdrup Basin of Canada, and the Maitai-Waipapa terranes of New Zealand) and 11 sections in four areas of the former Tethys Ocean (Vietnam-China, India, Iran, and Italy). Conodont biostratigraphy combined with C-isotope and MS event stratigraphy will facilitate correlations within and between study areas. Paleoceanographic modeling will be used to investigate the effects of potential forcings on Permo-Triassic ocean chemistry and sedimentary fluxes, and comparisons with globally integrated chemostratigraphic datasets will allow refinement of model simulations. This project has the potential to yield important new findings regarding events at the Permian-Triassic boundary and key insights regarding proximate and ultimate controls on contemporaneous chemical oceanographic perturbations. Investigation of catastrophic climate and environmental change associated with the largest mass extinction in Earth history should be of considerable interest to both the Earth-science community and the scientifically literate public. The broader impacts of the project are varied and include public outreach and dissemination of project results, mentoring of undergraduate and graduate students, development of research synergies among a diverse group of geoscience professionals, and the potential for results of broad scientific significance. The PIs are committed to training the next generation of scientists (they have collectively supervised ~60 graduate students, and all are actively engaged in advising and training undergraduate students), to advancing science education in the public schools, and to achieving greater ethnic and gender diversity among these future scholars (Algeo and Ellwood are both involved in programs to recruit minority students). Project datasets funded through NSF will be made available to the larger scientific community through CHRONOS and PaleoStrat.

合作研究：Panthalassic和Tethyan Permian-Triassic边界剖面的化学地层学分析：全球古海洋动力学评估托马斯Algeo，辛辛那提大学，XLeadshire-0745393布鲁克斯B。路易斯安那州立大学埃尔伍德分校-0746189宾夕法尼亚州立大学凯瑟琳弗里曼分校-0745592加州大学蒂莫西里昂分校-0745817德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校阿恩温古思和哈里罗摘要地球历史上最大的二叠纪-三叠纪界线（PTB）大灭绝的原因和动力学仍然不确定。 晚二叠世期间海洋和陆地环境的逐渐恶化以及早三叠世期间恶劣条件的持续存在表明内在因素是重要的，但灭绝率峰值，突然的岩相变化以及与二叠纪末事件视界相关的地球化学异常是灾难性事件的证据（例如，大规模火山爆发、火流星撞击和/或大规模海洋倾覆）。 尽管对PTB进行了长期研究，但很少有对海洋边界剖面的综合、高分辨率化学地层学研究，这些研究可以解决与二叠纪-三叠纪深海缺氧的范围和强度、有毒深海沃茨上涌到浅海陆架和平台的模式、这些事件与海水碳酸盐饱和度的同期变化和海洋生物的延迟恢复的关系，对灭绝后全球负碳同位素位移的控制，以及海洋和陆地PTB危机的相对时间和因果关系。 在这个项目中，我们建议生成地球化学代用数据集，包括磁化率，元素浓度，TOC-TIC，？13Ccarb-？δ ~（13）Corg、S-Fe形态、？34 S硫化物-？对8个研究区共19个剖面的34 S硫酸盐、稀土元素和生物标志物进行了研究，其中包括前泛大洋4个区的8个剖面（加拿大的该高速卡奇克里克Bronze、西部沉积盆地和Sverdrup盆地，以及新西兰的Maitai-Waipapa Bronze）和前特提斯洋4个区的11个剖面（越南-中国、印度、伊朗和意大利）。 牙形石生物地层学与碳同位素和MS事件地层学相结合，将有助于研究区域内和区域间的对比。 古海洋学建模将用于调查潜在的强迫对二叠纪-三叠纪海洋化学和沉积通量的影响，并与全球综合化学地层数据集进行比较，以改进模型模拟。 该项目有可能产生重要的新发现，事件在二叠纪-三叠纪边界和关键的见解，近端和最终控制同期化学海洋扰动。 调查与地球历史上最大规模灭绝有关的灾难性气候和环境变化，应该引起地球科学界和科学素养公众的极大兴趣。 该项目的更广泛影响是多种多样的，包括项目成果的公众宣传和传播，对本科生和研究生的指导，在不同的地球科学专业人员群体中发展研究协同作用，以及产生具有广泛科学意义的成果的潜力。 PI致力于培养下一代科学家（他们共同监督约60名研究生，并积极参与咨询和培训本科生），推进公立学校的科学教育，并在这些未来的学者中实现更大的种族和性别多样性（Algeo和Ellwood都参与了招收少数民族学生的计划）。 由NSF资助的项目数据集将通过CHRONOS和PaleoStrat提供给更大的科学界。