SBIR Phase II: Advanced Materials for Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors

小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目涉及开发用于高能量和功率密度混合电化学电容器（也称为超级电容器或超级电容器）的纳米结构电极材料。由两个相同电极组成的对称电化学电容器目前利用易燃的非水电解质来提高能量密度。利用不同电极的混合或不对称配置导致显著更高的能量密度，并且可以在水性电解质而不是非水性电解质中操作。第二阶段项目的目标是优化材料的合成，进一步表征材料，进行电化学测试以评估材料的能量密度，功率密度和循环寿命，优化电极制造工艺和电解质成分，并开发低成本，大规模制造工艺来生产材料。该项目的预期结果是开发出一种新的、商业上可行的电极材料，使混合电化学电容器具有比现有技术更高的能量密度、更低的成本和更高的安全性。低成本、高性能电化学电容器的开发对电动和混合动力汽车、消费和工业电子以及电信设备的发展具有重大影响。该技术的广泛影响是能够制造下一代电化学电容器，与当前的电化学电容器相比，该电容器将具有更高的能量密度、更低的成本和更高的安全性。具有高能量密度和功率密度的混合电化学电容器可为众多中、高和脉冲功率应用带来性能改善的电源系统。混合超级电容器在良性水性电解质中操作的能力降低了装置的成本，并且具有显著的环境和安全影响，因为当前的非水性电解质是易燃的并且可以释放有毒气体。

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project involves the development of a nanostructured electrode material for high energy and power density hybrid electrochemical capacitors also called ultracapacitors or supercapacitors. Symmetric electrochemical capacitors that consist of two identical electrodes currently utilize flammable, non-aqueous electrolytes to improve the energy density. Hybrid or assymetric configurations that utilize different electrodes result in significantly higher energy densities and can operate in aqueous rather than non-aqueous electrolytes. The objectives of the Phase II project are to optimize the material's synthesis, further characterize the material, perform electrochemical testing to evaluate the energy density, power density and cycle life of the material, optimize the electrode fabrication process and electrolyte composition, and develop a low-cost, large-scale manufacturing process to produce the material. The anticipated result of the project is the development of a new, commercially viable electrode material that enables hybrid electrochemical capacitors with improved energy density, lower cost, and improved safety over current technologies. The development of low cost, high performance electrochemical capacitors has a substantial impact on the development of electric and hybrid vehicles, consumer and industrial electronics, and telecommunications devices. The broad impact of this technology is to enable the manufacturing of next generation electrochemical capacitors that will have higher energy densities, lower cost, and improved safety compared with current electrochemical capacitors. Hybrid electrochemical capacitors that have high energy densities as well as power densities result in improved performance power systems for numerous medium, high, and pulse-power applications. The ability of the hybrid ultracapacitor to operate in benign aqueous electrolytes reduces the cost of the device and has significant environmental and safety impacts, since current non-aqueous electrolytes are flammable and can emit toxic gases.