DDRI: Linguistics and Language Sovereignty in Northern Australia, 1959-2008

DDRI：澳大利亚北部的语言学和语言主权，1959-2008 年

• 批准号: 0750566
• 负责人: Mary Susan Lindee
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-15 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0750566&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DDRI; Linguistics; Language; Sovereignty; Northern

This Science & Society doctoral dissertation research improvement grant seeks to trace the history of how Aboriginal communities have developed language ownership. In Australia, capacity of Aboriginal communities to control access to Aboriginal languages has emerged as an expression of a new kind of sovereignty: language sovereignty. This study proposes to trace the history of language sovereignty through comparative linguistics, land activism, and endangered language revitalization over the past fifty years. Social scientists and Aboriginal activists have articulated a variety of visions of language as a form of property. Language has been viewed variously as scientific capital, as part of a public domain, as value created by the collective intellectual labor of a speech community, as an asset to be protected by copyright or trademark, and as a metaphysical entity, and as a manifestation of Aboriginal country that should be covered by something akin to native title. This research will combine analysis of archived materials and interviews. The data gathered will shed light on the activities of two communities studied in the project: 1) linguists, by examining linguistic fieldwork and language classification across northern Australia; and 2) indiginous activists, by examining community-centered language activism in the northwestern region known as the Kimberley. The study will examine how these two traditions of making knowledge about language have come into conflict in land claims. And it will ask how language science, broadly construed, has contributed to an emerging global regime of intellectual property law. In a global economy where cultural distinction has become a key criterion of value for intellectual assets (e.g., in drug development, in popular media, in food and agriculture), it is essential to understand the circumstances in which conflicts over access to culturally significant intellectual assets arise. Intellectual property, social justice, and human rights are intertwined. The aim of this study is to clarify why this is so and to suggest implications for social science and law.

这项《科学与社会》博士论文研究改进补助金旨在追溯原住民社区如何发展语言所有权的历史。 在澳大利亚，原住民社区控制使用原住民语言的能力已成为一种新型主权的体现：语言主权。 本研究拟通过比较语言学、土地行动主义和濒危语言复兴来追溯过去五十年来语言主权的历史。社会科学家和原住民活动家阐述了语言作为一种财产形式的各种愿景。语言被不同地视为科学资本、公共领域的一部分、语言社区集体智力劳动创造的价值、受版权或商标保护的资产、形而上学的实体、以及原住民国家的表现，应该被类似于土著权利的东西所覆盖。这项研究将结合存档材料的分析和访谈。 收集的数据将揭示该项目研究的两个社区的活动：1）语言学家，通过检查澳大利亚北部的语言实地工作和语言分类； 2）土著活动家，通过研究西北地区金伯利地区以社区为中心的语言活动主义。该研究将探讨这两种获取语言知识的传统如何在土地所有权方面发生冲突。它将询问广义上的语言科学如何为新兴的全球知识产权法制度做出贡献。在全球经济中，文化差异已成为知识资产价值的一个关键标准（例如，在药物开发、大众媒体、粮食和农业领域），了解在获取具有文化意义的知识资产方面发生冲突的情况至关重要。知识产权、社会正义和人权相互交织。本研究的目的是澄清为什么会出现这种情况，并提出对社会科学和法律的影响。