A Comprehensive Data Set of Published US Patent Litigation Decisions: 1929-2006

已发布的美国专利诉讼判决的综合数据集：1929-2006

• 批准号: 0751661
• 负责人: John Turner
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0751661&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comprehensive; Data; Set; Published; US

In the United States we have recently seen significant changes in how patents are used and contested. For example, we have seen substantial increases in the number of patents issued and in litigation of new patents. These trends have led economists and legal scholars to argue that the US patent system is failing to achieve the Constitutional mandate 'to promote the progress of science and useful arts', and to propose policy changes. Their main argument is that too many patents are issued with too strong a presumption of validity, resulting in frequent and costly legal disputes that impose unnecessary costs on innovation.The court system is a key institution for determining how patents are enforced, through changes in policy and in legal precedent. It seems obvious that if we want to consider changes in patent policy that will reduce the number of legal disputes, we should first ask how past changes in patent law have affected actual legal outcomes. Numerous changes to patent law since the 1930s have affected patentability, damages, antitrust implications of patents, judicial procedure and other features. However, we know very little about how these changes have affected actual rates of enforcement. The major reason is the lack of a comprehensive data set of US patent litigation.This project fills that gap. The new dataset covers the time period between 1929 and 2006. It includes all decisions published by a district and/or appellate court in patent cases about patent validity or infringement. It also includes a matched set of random patents that were not litigated, which will allow researchers to compare the characteristics of litigated and unlitigated patents. The data is gathered from primary sources that are not machine-readable. The data will be publicly available to all interested researchers via the internet.These data will allow the many researchers interested in patent policy to conduct advanced statistical inquiries. The final result will be precise statistical estimates of rates of patent validity and patent infringement, conditional on specific characteristics of the patent and the litigation. It will be possible to study differences in litigated and non-litigated patents, test predictions about what kinds of patents end up in litigation, and study strategic legal decisions made during the actual litigations. Most importantly, the data span a long period of time. As a result, scholars will be able to measure the effect of the numerous legal changes from 1929 to 2006 on actual legal outcomes. The broader impact of this kind of research is key insights into the likely effects of contemporary proposals for patent reform.

在美国，我们最近看到专利的使用和争议方式发生了重大变化。 例如，我们看到专利的数量和新专利的诉讼数量大幅增加。 这些趋势导致经济学家和法律的学者认为美国专利制度未能实现“促进科学和实用艺术进步”的宪法授权，并提出政策改革。 他们的主要论点是，太多的专利是在过于强烈的有效性推定下颁发的，导致频繁而昂贵的法律的纠纷，给创新带来不必要的成本。法院系统是决定如何通过政策和法律的先例来执行专利的关键机构。 显然，如果我们想考虑专利政策的变化会减少法律的纠纷，我们应该首先问一下过去专利法的变化是如何影响实际法律的结果的。 自20世纪30年代以来，专利法的许多变化影响了专利的可专利性、损害赔偿、专利的反垄断影响、司法程序和其他特征。 然而，我们对这些变化如何影响实际执行率知之甚少。 主要原因是缺乏美国专利诉讼的综合数据集。本项目填补了这一空白。 新的数据集涵盖了1929年至2006年的时间段。 它包括地区法院和/或上诉法院在专利案件中发布的关于专利有效性或侵权的所有裁决。 它还包括一组匹配的随机专利，没有诉讼，这将使研究人员能够比较诉讼和非诉讼专利的特点。 这些数据是从机器可读的主要来源收集的。 这些数据将通过互联网向所有感兴趣的研究人员公开。这些数据将使许多对专利政策感兴趣的研究人员能够进行高级统计查询。 最终结果将是对专利有效性和专利侵权率的精确统计估计，以专利和诉讼的具体特征为条件。 它将有可能研究诉讼和非诉讼专利的差异，测试什么样的专利最终在诉讼中的预测，并研究在实际诉讼中作出的战略法律的决定。 最重要的是，数据的时间跨度很长。 因此，学者们将能够衡量从1929年到2006年的众多法律的变化对实际法律的结果的影响。 这类研究的广泛影响是对当代专利改革提案可能产生的影响的关键见解。