Collaborative Research: Global Ocean Repeat Hydrography, Carbon, and Tracer Measurements, 2009-2014

合作研究：全球海洋重复水文学、碳和示踪剂测量，2009-2014

• 批准号: 0752972
• 负责人: Frank Millero
• 金额: $ 380.54万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-02-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0752972&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Global; Ocean; Repeat

Intellectual Merit: The systematic and global re-occupation of select hydrographic sections begun during 2003-2008 will be continued in the 2009-2014 period with the continued objective of quantifying changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and related chemical parameters. The program is in support of CLIVAR (CLImate Variability and predictability) and the Carbon Science Programs, and is a component of a global observing system for the physical climate and carbon system. By integrating the scientific needs of the carbon, tracer and hydrographic communities, major scientific synergies and cost savings will continue to be achieved. In addition to efficiency, the coordinated approach produces scientific advances that exceed those of having individual programs. These advances continue to contribute to the following overlapping scientific objectives: Data for Model Calibration, Validation and Model Based Synthesis; Carbon System Studies; Heat and Freshwater Storage and Flux Studies; Deep and Shallow Water Mass and Ventilation Studies; and Calibration of Autonomous Sensors. A joint study of the ocean carbon cycle and circulation is helping to identify critical areas where potential changes in ocean circulation could have serious consequences for future anthropogenic uptake. Global warming-induced changes in the ocean?s transport of heat and freshwater, which could affect the circulation, are being followed through these long-term measurements. An average of two sections will be conducted every year, sometime collaboratively with international partner. The measurements made on each section include hydrography (full-depth vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, oxygen, nutrients, currents), Underway surface temperature, salinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), air-sea fluxes, bathymetry, navigation), carbon system (dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2. Total Alkalinity, pH, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen), and transient tracers (CFCs, SF6, tritium/3He). This project will collect the data and perform the quality control measures routinely carried out by providers of reference-quality data. Post-cruise data updates, distribution, and archive will continue to be managed by groups with separate funding. This ongoing project is integrated with a larger international effort to monitor the ocean's response to climate change.Broader Impacts: The results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding. The project is based on the fundamental concept that data collected belong to the community, and are available to the community at large rather than being proprietary for the investigators involved in the project. The data policy is stringent and geared towards rapid and open dissemination, with a clear structure for all data to undergo thorough quality control and transmission to a recognized data center. This ambitious degree of openness has resulted in rapid and widespread availability and use of the data. The project benefits to society include the collection of a high quality data set, and use of the data to assess climate change. The global program provides full water column data of climatically significant parameters with decadal coverage. These data are and will be used to assess climate change by quantifying the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean, and contributing to an understanding and models of the processes that control the uptake and transport of CO2 into the ocean's interior. Since these are likely to be the only systematic observations below 2000 m, they are and will be used to document long term trends in ocean warming, and heat and freshwater fluxes. The data will remain a resource for model calibration of the climate system. The project will continue to promote training and learning. It will continue to serve as a community resource for training and entraining graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and new scientists in sea-going work. Outreach activities will continue as opportunities arise.

智力优点：在2009 - 2014年期间开始的精选水文部分的系统和全球重新占领将继续进行量化，持续的目标是量化量化和运输热，淡水，淡水，二氧化碳（CO2）和相关化学参数的存储和运输变化。该计划支持Clivar（气候变异性和可预测性）和碳科学计划，并且是全球观察系统的物理气候和碳系统的组成部分。通过整合碳，示踪剂和水文社区的科学需求，将继续实现主要的科学协同作用和成本节省。除了效率外，协调的方法还产生了超出个人计划的科学进步。这些进步继续有助于以下重叠的科学目标：模型校准，验证和基于模型的合成数据；碳系统研究；热量和淡水储存和通量研究；深水质量和通风研究；和自主传感器的校准。对海洋碳循环和循环的联合研究有助于确定关键领域，在海洋循环中潜在变化可能会对未来的人为吸收产生严重后果。通过这些长期测量，正在遵循全球变暖引起的海洋传输和可能影响循环的淡水的变化。平均每年将与国际合作伙伴合作进行两个部分。每个部分进行的测量包括水文学（盐度，温度，氧气，养分，养分，营养素，养分），地面温度，盐度，二氧化碳（PCO2）的部分压力，空气 - 磁通量，碳测定法，碳系统，导航），碳系统（碳含量碳含量），碳含量为中，含有碳酸含量，pco2。和瞬态示踪剂（CFCS，SF6，Tritium/3HE）。该项目将收集数据并执行由参考质量数据提供者通常执行的质量控制措施。灌溉后的数据更新，分发和档案将继续由拥有单独资金的小组管理。这项正在进行的项目与更大的国际努力集成在一起，以监测海洋对气候变化的反应。BRODER的影响：结果将广泛传播，以增强科学和技术理解。该项目基于基本概念，即收集到的数据属于社区，并且可供整个社区使用，而不是参与该项目的调查人员的专有。数据策略非常严格，并旨在快速和开放的传播，所有数据都具有清晰的结构，可以彻底控制质量控制和传输到公认的数据中心。这种雄心勃勃的开放程度导致了快速和广泛的可用性和数据的使用。对社会的项目益处包括收集高质量的数据集，以及使用数据来评估气候变化。全球计划提供了具有际覆盖范围的气候重要参数的完整水柱数据。这些数据是并且将用于通过量化海洋对人为CO2的吸收和存储来评估气候变化，并为控制CO2摄入和运输到海洋内部的摄取和运输的过程有助于理解和模型。由于这些可能是低于2000 m以下的唯一系统观察结果，因此它们是并且将用于记录海洋变暖的长期趋势，以及热量和淡水通量。数据将仍然是用于气候系统模型校准的资源。该项目将继续促进培训和学习。它将继续作为培训和招募研究生，博士后科学家以及新科学家的社区资源。随着机会的出现，外展活动将继续。