Collaborative Research: Global Ocean Repeat Hydrography, Carbon, and Tracer Measurements, 2009-2014

知识价值：2003-2008年期间开始的系统和全球重新占用选定的水文部分的工作将在2009-2014年期间继续进行，其目标继续是量化热量、淡水、二氧化碳(二氧化碳)和相关化学参数的储存和运输的变化。该计划支持CLIVAR(气候可变性和可预测性)和碳科学计划，是物理气候和碳系统全球观测系统的组成部分。通过将碳、示踪剂和水文测量界的科学需求结合起来，将继续实现重大的科学协同效应和成本节约。除了效率，这种协调的方法产生的科学进步超过了单独进行计划的科学进步。这些进展继续促进下列相互重叠的科学目标：模型校准、验证和基于模型的综合的数据；碳系统研究；热量和淡水储存和通量研究；深水和浅水质量和通风研究；以及自主传感器的校准。一项关于海洋碳循环和环流的联合研究正在帮助确定海洋环流的潜在变化可能对未来人类吸收产生严重后果的关键区域。全球变暖导致的海洋变化？S正在通过这些长期测量来跟踪热量和淡水的运输，这可能会影响循环。平均每年将举办两个部分，有时与国际合作伙伴合作。在每个区段上进行的测量包括水文地理(盐度、温度、氧气、营养物、洋流的全深度垂直剖面)、在航面温度、盐度、二氧化碳分压(二氧化碳分压)、海-气通量、水深测量、航海测量(海洋和海洋)、碳系统(溶解无机碳、二氧化碳分压)。总碱度、pH、溶解有机碳和氮)和瞬变示踪剂(CFCs、SF6、氚/3He)。该项目将收集数据，并执行参考质量数据提供者通常采取的质量控制措施。巡航后的数据更新、分发和存档将继续由拥有单独资金的团体管理。这个正在进行的项目与监测海洋对气候变化的反应的更大的国际努力相结合。广泛的影响：结果将被广泛传播，以增进对科学技术的理解。该项目基于一个基本概念，即收集的数据属于社区，并可供整个社区使用，而不是参与该项目的调查人员的专有。数据政策严格，面向快速和开放的传播，有一个明确的结构，所有数据都要经过彻底的质量控制，并传输到公认的数据中心。这种雄心勃勃的开放程度导致了数据的迅速和广泛的获得和使用。该项目对社会的好处包括收集高质量的数据集，并使用这些数据来评估气候变化。全球计划提供了具有重要气候意义的参数的完整水柱数据和十年覆盖范围。这些数据正在并将用于通过量化海洋对人为二氧化碳的吸收和储存来评估气候变化，并有助于理解和建立控制二氧化碳吸收和向海洋内部运输的过程的模型。由于这些可能是2000米以下的唯一系统观测，它们正在并将被用来记录海洋变暖以及热量和淡水通量的长期趋势。这些数据仍将是气候系统模型校准的资源。该项目将继续促进培训和学习。它将继续作为一个社区资源，培训和吸引研究生、博士后科学家和新的海上工作科学家。外展活动将在机会出现时继续进行。

Intellectual Merit: The systematic and global re-occupation of select hydrographic sections begun during 2003-2008 will be continued in the 2009-2014 period with the continued objective of quantifying changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and related chemical parameters. The program is in support of CLIVAR (CLImate Variability and predictability) and the Carbon Science Programs, and is a component of a global observing system for the physical climate and carbon system. By integrating the scientific needs of the carbon, tracer and hydrographic communities, major scientific synergies and cost savings will continue to be achieved. In addition to efficiency, the coordinated approach produces scientific advances that exceed those of having individual programs. These advances continue to contribute to the following overlapping scientific objectives: Data for Model Calibration, Validation and Model Based Synthesis; Carbon System Studies; Heat and Freshwater Storage and Flux Studies; Deep and Shallow Water Mass and Ventilation Studies; and Calibration of Autonomous Sensors. A joint study of the ocean carbon cycle and circulation is helping to identify critical areas where potential changes in ocean circulation could have serious consequences for future anthropogenic uptake. Global warming-induced changes in the ocean?s transport of heat and freshwater, which could affect the circulation, are being followed through these long-term measurements. An average of two sections will be conducted every year, sometime collaboratively with international partner. The measurements made on each section include hydrography (full-depth vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, oxygen, nutrients, currents), Underway surface temperature, salinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), air-sea fluxes, bathymetry, navigation), carbon system (dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2. Total Alkalinity, pH, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen), and transient tracers (CFCs, SF6, tritium/3He). This project will collect the data and perform the quality control measures routinely carried out by providers of reference-quality data. Post-cruise data updates, distribution, and archive will continue to be managed by groups with separate funding. This ongoing project is integrated with a larger international effort to monitor the ocean's response to climate change.Broader Impacts: The results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding. The project is based on the fundamental concept that data collected belong to the community, and are available to the community at large rather than being proprietary for the investigators involved in the project. The data policy is stringent and geared towards rapid and open dissemination, with a clear structure for all data to undergo thorough quality control and transmission to a recognized data center. This ambitious degree of openness has resulted in rapid and widespread availability and use of the data. The project benefits to society include the collection of a high quality data set, and use of the data to assess climate change. The global program provides full water column data of climatically significant parameters with decadal coverage. These data are and will be used to assess climate change by quantifying the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean, and contributing to an understanding and models of the processes that control the uptake and transport of CO2 into the ocean's interior. Since these are likely to be the only systematic observations below 2000 m, they are and will be used to document long term trends in ocean warming, and heat and freshwater fluxes. The data will remain a resource for model calibration of the climate system. The project will continue to promote training and learning. It will continue to serve as a community resource for training and entraining graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and new scientists in sea-going work. Outreach activities will continue as opportunities arise.