Nahuatl Language Documentation Project: Sierra Norte de Puebla [ISO 639 azz]

纳瓦特尔语言文档项目：Sierra Norte de Puebla [ISO 639 azz]

• 批准号: 0756536
• 负责人: Jonathan Amith
• 金额: $ 29.18万
• 依托单位: Gettysburg College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0756536&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nahuatl; Language; Documentation; Project; Sierra

Documenting a language occurs at many levels, and the most detailed is often the most useful. Specialized knowledge about the plants and animals in the ecosystem the language has evolved in is a particularly useful segment of the language both for native speakers and for science at large. In partnership with an indigenous cooperative, a filmmaking collective, academic scholars, and computational linguists, Dr. Jonathan D. Amith will lead a three-year Nahuatl language documentation effort in the Sierra Norte de Puebla. One goal is to develop an extensive set of materials: a detailed dictionary; a basic descriptive grammar; and a 75-hour corpus of time-coded transcriptions of digital audio and video covering endangered genres of discourse and vanishing cultural knowledge, including ethnobiology, dance, stories, personal testimonials, and village histories. A professional film-making collective will produce three or four 27-minute educational documentaries. A second goal is to develop a set of software tools for processing and presentation of the materials. Some of the tools will be language specific; a morphological parser to analyze Nahuatl words, separating the affixes from the stem and thus facilitating dictionary lookup as well as permanent archiving of parsed and glossed time-coded transcriptions. Most of the tools, however, will have general applications in documentary endeavors and will be made freely available. One, WebScriber, converts a time-coded transcription into a Web page with line-by-line playback. Another, Prompter/Segmenter, prompts speakers from a list of lexical items and then segments the resulting sound file in such a way as to facilitate linking to an online dictionary. Finally, Cobbler is a utilities program for data management of files written in Shoebox, the most commonly-used program for field linguists.Results of this project will greatly expand our knowledge of the descendant languages of the Aztec empire, with a special emphasis on the ecosystem. To date the Nahuatl project has collected 1,151 botanical specimens (all professionally mounted), about 300 entomological specimens, 19 fish, 24 arachnids, and 22 reptiles, and some 50 objects of material culture (nets, baskets, arrows, rope, etc.). Most are linked to relevant recorded and transcribed texts, such as the folklore associated with different types of grasshoppers, or how to make and use arrows. With the internet interface that allows the exploration of digitized versions of all of these items, both indigenous researchers and those from outside have an unusually large collection of materials to draw from.

记录一种语言发生在许多层次上，最详细的往往是最有用的。 对于母语使用者和科学界来说，关于该语言进化的生态系统中的植物和动物的专业知识是该语言特别有用的部分。 在与一个土著合作社、一个电影制作集体、学术学者和计算语言学家的合作中，乔纳森·D·Amith将在北普埃布拉山脉领导一项为期三年的纳瓦特尔语文件工作。一个目标是开发一套广泛的材料：一本详细的词典;一个基本的描述性语法;和一个75小时的数字音频和视频的时间编码转换语料库，涵盖濒危的话语类型和正在消失的文化知识，包括民族生物学，舞蹈，故事，个人感言和村庄历史。一个专业的电影制作集体将制作三到四个27分钟的教育纪录片。 第二个目标是开发一套处理和展示材料的软件工具。一些工具将是特定语言的;一个形态分析器，用于分析纳瓦特尔语单词，将词缀从词干中分离出来，从而方便字典查找以及对经过分析和注释的时间编码音译词进行永久存档。然而，大多数工具将在文献工作中得到普遍应用，并将免费提供。一个是WebScriber，它将时间编码的转录转换成一个逐行播放的网页。另一个是语音识别器/分段器，它从一个词汇列表中提示说话者，然后以便于链接到在线词典的方式对产生的声音文件进行分段。最后，Cobbler是一个实用程序，用于对用Shoebox编写的文件进行数据管理，Shoebox是领域语言学家最常用的程序。该项目的结果将大大扩展我们对阿兹特克帝国后裔语言的了解，特别强调生态系统。 到目前为止，纳瓦特尔项目已经收集了1，151个植物标本（都是专业安装的），大约300个昆虫标本，19条鱼，24个蜘蛛和22个爬行动物，以及大约50个物质文化物品（网，篮子，箭头，绳子等）。大多数都与相关的记录和转录文本有关，例如与不同类型的蚱蜢有关的民间传说，或如何制作和使用箭头。 有了互联网接口，可以探索所有这些项目的数字化版本，土著研究人员和来自外部的研究人员都有一个非常大的材料收集。