Nahuatl Language Documentation Project: Sierra Norte de Puebla [ISO 639 azz]

记录一门语言有很多层面，最详细的往往是最有用的。关于这种语言在生态系统中进化的动植物的专门知识，对于以英语为母语的人和整个科学来说，都是特别有用的一部分。乔纳森·D·艾史密斯博士将与土著合作社、电影制作集体、学术学者和计算语言学家合作，领导北普埃布拉山脉为期三年的Nahuatl语言记录工作。一个目标是开发一套广泛的材料：一本详细的词典；一本基本的描述性语法；一个75小时的数字音频和视频的时间编码抄本语料库，涵盖濒危的话语流派和正在消失的文化知识，包括民族生物学、舞蹈、故事、个人证言和村庄历史。一个专业的电影制作集体将制作三到四部27分钟的教育纪录片。第二个目标是开发一套处理和展示材料的软件工具。其中一些工具将是特定于语言的；一个分析Nahuatl单词的形态解析器，将词缀与词干分开，从而促进词典查找以及对解析和注解的时间编码抄本的永久存档。然而，大多数工具将在纪录片工作中得到普遍应用，并将免费提供。一种是WebScriber，它将时间编码的转录转换为逐行回放的网页。另一种是提示器/分段器，它从词条列表中提示说话者，然后以便于链接到在线词典的方式分割得到的声音文件。最后，Cobbler是一个实用程序，用于管理用Shoebox编写的文件的数据，这是现场语言学家最常用的程序。这个项目的结果将极大地扩展我们对阿兹特克帝国后代语言的了解，特别是对生态系统的重视。到目前为止，Nahuatl项目已经收集了1151个植物学标本(都是专业安装的)、大约300个昆虫学标本、19条鱼、24个蜘蛛纲动物和22个爬行动物，以及大约50件物质培养物品(网、篮子、箭、绳等)。大多数链接到相关的记录和转录的文本，如与不同类型的蝗虫有关的民间传说，或如何制作和使用箭。有了互联网界面，可以探索所有这些物品的数字化版本，无论是本土研究人员还是来自外部的研究人员，都有异常庞大的材料集合可供参考。

Documenting a language occurs at many levels, and the most detailed is often the most useful. Specialized knowledge about the plants and animals in the ecosystem the language has evolved in is a particularly useful segment of the language both for native speakers and for science at large. In partnership with an indigenous cooperative, a filmmaking collective, academic scholars, and computational linguists, Dr. Jonathan D. Amith will lead a three-year Nahuatl language documentation effort in the Sierra Norte de Puebla. One goal is to develop an extensive set of materials: a detailed dictionary; a basic descriptive grammar; and a 75-hour corpus of time-coded transcriptions of digital audio and video covering endangered genres of discourse and vanishing cultural knowledge, including ethnobiology, dance, stories, personal testimonials, and village histories. A professional film-making collective will produce three or four 27-minute educational documentaries. A second goal is to develop a set of software tools for processing and presentation of the materials. Some of the tools will be language specific; a morphological parser to analyze Nahuatl words, separating the affixes from the stem and thus facilitating dictionary lookup as well as permanent archiving of parsed and glossed time-coded transcriptions. Most of the tools, however, will have general applications in documentary endeavors and will be made freely available. One, WebScriber, converts a time-coded transcription into a Web page with line-by-line playback. Another, Prompter/Segmenter, prompts speakers from a list of lexical items and then segments the resulting sound file in such a way as to facilitate linking to an online dictionary. Finally, Cobbler is a utilities program for data management of files written in Shoebox, the most commonly-used program for field linguists.Results of this project will greatly expand our knowledge of the descendant languages of the Aztec empire, with a special emphasis on the ecosystem. To date the Nahuatl project has collected 1,151 botanical specimens (all professionally mounted), about 300 entomological specimens, 19 fish, 24 arachnids, and 22 reptiles, and some 50 objects of material culture (nets, baskets, arrows, rope, etc.). Most are linked to relevant recorded and transcribed texts, such as the folklore associated with different types of grasshoppers, or how to make and use arrows. With the internet interface that allows the exploration of digitized versions of all of these items, both indigenous researchers and those from outside have an unusually large collection of materials to draw from.