SGER: Benchmarking Urban and Structural Vulnerability in the Aftermath of the 2007 California Wildfires, Using Advanced Technology-based Data Collection

SGER：使用基于先进技术的数据收集，对 2007 年加州野火之后的城市和结构脆弱性进行基准测试

• 批准号: 0806874
• 负责人: Ronald Eguchi
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: ImageCat, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-15 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0806874&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Benchmarking; Urban; Structural; Vulnerability

The purpose of this Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) project is to collect a benchmark post-disaster dataset perishable wildfire damage signatures and vulnerability factors, in order to support research investigating: (1) the efficacy of wildfire mitigation strategies; and (2) methods for measuring, monitoring and evaluating characteristics of post-wildfire recovery. Most research on wildfires has focused on modeling wildfire in natural settings rather than the urban environment. Research is urgently needed to better understand the importance of environmental mitigation factors such as fire breaks and planned intervention strategies including "shelter in place" for enhancing the resilience of fire-prone communities. The recent California wildfires present a unique opportunity to investigate and quantify elements that influence recovery patterns and resilience. Advanced technologies, internet resources and responder interviews will be used to develop time-critical post-disaster datasets, documenting damage characteristics and potential factors affecting urban and structural vulnerability. These data will be used to investigate how the performance of urban areas, neighborhoods and individual structures varies within the wildfire zones, the influence of mitigation factors on vulnerability of urban areas and structures to wildfire devastation and the integration of mitigation practices into the recovery process. This research employs a novel spatially-tiered approach to compile and archive perishable data characterizing wildfire damage and vulnerability factors, employing a unique methodology involving underutilized advanced technologies.The technology-driven methods that will be investigated through this SGER, together with the findings from subsequent research activities, have immense potential for improving the resilience of fire-prone communities. Enhancing the knowledge of how the performance of urban areas, neighborhoods and individual structures varies within wildfire zones and the factors that affect their long term resilience to wildfire devastation, will bring many practical societal benefits. Governments, policy makers, and local organizations can apply findings to examine existing wildfire mitigation strategies, refine plans for and actions supporting future response efforts, improve their decisions during events, and plan recovery strategies. Further, by augmenting existing understanding of wildfire vulnerability, the project will advance the state-of-the-art in wildfire studies.

这个探索性研究（SGER）项目的目的是收集一个基准灾后数据集易腐野火损害签名和脆弱性因素，以支持研究调查：（1）野火缓解策略的有效性;和（2）测量，监测和评估野火后恢复特征的方法。 大多数关于野火的研究都集中在自然环境中的野火建模，而不是城市环境。迫切需要进行研究，以更好地了解防火带等环境缓解因素和有计划的干预战略的重要性，包括“就地安置住房”，以提高火灾易发社区的复原力。最近的加州野火为调查和量化影响恢复模式和恢复力的因素提供了一个独特的机会。 先进的技术、互联网资源和应急人员访谈将用于开发时间紧迫的灾后数据集，记录损害特征和影响城市和结构脆弱性的潜在因素。这些数据将用于调查野火区内城市地区，社区和单个结构的性能如何变化，缓解因素对城市地区和结构对野火破坏的脆弱性的影响，以及将缓解措施融入恢复过程。 该研究采用了一种新颖的空间分层方法来汇编和存档表征野火破坏和脆弱性因素的易腐数据，采用了一种独特的方法，涉及未充分利用的先进技术。将通过该SGER调查的技术驱动的方法，以及后续研究活动的结果，具有提高火灾易发社区恢复能力的巨大潜力。加强对野火区内城市地区、社区和个体结构的表现如何变化以及影响其对野火破坏的长期恢复力的因素的了解，将带来许多实际的社会效益。政府、政策制定者和地方组织可以应用调查结果来检查现有的野火缓解战略，完善支持未来应对工作的计划和行动，改善他们在事件中的决策，并规划恢复战略。此外，通过增强对野火脆弱性的现有理解，该项目将推动野火研究的最新发展。