Geschichte der Humangenetik in Deutschland nach 1945 im internationalen Kontext.

国际背景下 1945 年后德国人类遗传学史。

• 批准号: 188728848
• 负责人: Dr. Heike Petermann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Ethik, Geschichte und Theorie der Medizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/188728848?language=en
• 关键词: Geschichte; der; Humangenetik; Deutschland; nach

Human Genetics is a science with two sides: on one side concepts of human genetics have often influenced social and political events, on the other side its development has been influenced by various political forces. However, continuities and discontinuities, breaks and changes varied with national settings.Todays human genetics had begun either with the rediscovery of the Mendelian Laws (1900), the discovery of the first heredity disease Alkaptonuria (1902) or the terms genotype and phenotype (1909). As an interdisciplinary field it deals with the human heritable information as in cytogenetic (1879 by biologist W. Flemming) and molecular genetics (DNA as hereditary information by physician O. Avery). With the description of the three-dimensional structure of the DNA by J. Watson and F. Crick (1953) the decryption of the human heritable information began. This ended up in the Human Genome Project that was dominated by Anglo-American scientists. The project asks for the contribution of German scientists in a comparative perspective.The professionalization of human genetics is determined by founding journals and a scientific society, by establishing professorships in human genetics and by integration in the medical education. The project asks for the way of realization in Germany and Anglo-American Countries. Before 1945 human genetics was dominated by eugenics and race hygiene and used for state purposes f.e. in Germany. This can be clearly shown in the population policy; real or supposed knowledge in human genetics was used to gain political aims. If this is also true for socio-political questions after 1945 like nuclear power, abortion, thalidomide and prenatal diagnostic will be answered in the project. Of interest is not only the scientific discourse in human genetics, but also the representation in the public. Also the participation of human geneticists, like W. Lenz of Muenster in the public discussion on thalidomide, will be part of the research. The closing question is, whether the history before 1945 was used as an argument in the discourse on actual discussions in human genetics.Oral History will be used as a method to compensate that legal restrictions constrict personal files in archives, but also historical interpretation for analysis of literature and other media. The intention is to get an insight in the development of human genetics after 1945 with all influences and to visualize the personal relationships and networks, to characterize the development of science and to reflect the social implications.The main focus will be on the time between 1945 and about 1970.

人类遗传学是一门具有两面性的科学：一方面，人类遗传学的概念经常影响社会和政治事件，另一方面，它的发展受到各种政治力量的影响。然而，连续性和不连续性，中断和变化因国家而异。今天的人类遗传学开始于孟德尔定律的重新发现（1900年），第一种遗传疾病白蛋白尿症的发现（1902年）或基因型和表型（1909年）。作为一个跨学科的领域，它涉及人类的遗传信息，如细胞遗传学（1879年由生物学家W。弗莱明）和分子遗传学（DNA作为遗传信息，由医生O。Avery）。 沃森和F. Crick（1953）人类遗传信息的解密开始了。这最终导致了由英美科学家主导的人类基因组计划。该项目要求德国科学家从比较的角度作出贡献。人类遗传学的专业化取决于创办期刊和科学协会、设立人类遗传学教授职位以及融入医学教育。该项目要求在德国和英美国家的实现方式。1945年以前，人类遗传学主要是优生学和种族卫生学，并用于国家目的。在德国。这在人口政策中可以清楚地表明;人类遗传学方面的真实的或假定的知识被用来实现政治目的。如果这也适用于1945年后的社会政治问题，如核能，堕胎，沙利度胺和产前诊断将在该项目中得到回答。感兴趣的不仅是人类遗传学的科学话语，而且是在公众中的代表性。同样，人类遗传学家的参与，如W。明斯特的伦茨在关于沙利度胺的公开讨论中，将参与这项研究。 最后的问题是，1945年之前的历史是否被用作人类遗传学实际讨论的论点。口述历史将被用作一种方法，以补偿法律的限制压缩档案中的个人档案，但也是历史解释的文学和其他媒体的分析。目的是深入了解1945年以后人类遗传学的发展及其各种影响，并可视化个人关系和网络，描述科学发展的特征并反映社会影响。主要关注1945年至1970年左右的时间。