The evolution of serial homology: a case study with nymphalid butterfly eyespots

Antónia Monteiro和William Piel提案编号：IOS-0818731“序列同源性的演变：蝴蝶眼点的案例研究。人们发现，复杂生物体的身体会重复使用发育结构，如牙齿、脊椎骨和肋骨，以建立“连续”重复的部分或过程。这种复合或模块化设计表明，某些遗传程序在胚胎发育期间在不同的地方多次重新部署。在逐步多样化的过程中如何重新部署这些模块，仍有待了解。本项目旨在通过研究蝴蝶翅膀上连续重复的“眼斑”图案，探索复杂重复结构的进化和发育起源。研究人员将组装一个大型的蛱蝶物种系统发育树，拍摄并编码它们的翅膀图案是否存在斑点或眼点，并使用比较方法来推断眼点是如何进化的。此外，眼点基因发育“网络”的进化将通过监测四个候选网络基因的表达在20个物种的翅型进化的系统发育分布的基础上选择的。该项目在广泛的教育水平上具有相当大的教育广泛影响，支持一名研究生，博士后和几名本科生工读。 此外，几个纽黑文高中学生研究人员将通过“进化”，皮博迪博物馆的推广计划，以城市青年参与。该项目还将生成一个可公开访问的蝴蝶物种高分辨率图像数据库（ca。8,000张图片来自1,000个若虫物种），一个大的若虫物种，以及第一个鳞翅目基因表达图像数据库。此外，还将制作互动式网络动画，并将其纳入皮博迪博物馆的展品。这个软件将说明若虫翅膀图案的多样性，并将动画的眼点变化的进化对生殖器。这个展览将向公众介绍翅膀图案的多样性和进化，重复模块的个性化进化，以及形态学新颖性的进化，如眼点。

Antónia Monteiro and William PielProposal number: IOS-0818731"The evolution of serial homology: a case study with butterfly eyespots."The bodies of complex organisms have been found to reuse developmental structures, such as teeth, vertebra, and ribs, in order to build "serially" repeated parts or processes. This composite or modular design suggests that certain genetic programs are redeployed multiple times in different places during the developing embryo. It remains to be understood how such modules come to be redeployed over the course of evolutionary diversification. This project aims to explore the evolutionary and developmental origin of complex repeated structures by studying serially-repeated "eyespot" patterns in the wings of butterflies. The researchers will assemble a large phylogenetic tree of nymphalid butterfly species, photograph and code their wing patterns with respect to the presence or absence of spots or eyespots, and use comparative methods to infer how eyespots evolved. In addition, the evolution of the eyespot gene developmental "network" will be investigated by monitoring the expression of four candidate network genes in twenty species chosen on the basis of phylogenetic distribution of wing pattern evolution. This project has considerable educational Broader Impacts over a wide range of educational levels, supporting a graduate student, postdoc, and several undergraduate work-study students. Moreover, several New Haven high school student researchers will be involved through "Evolutions", the Peabody Museum's outreach program to city youth. This project will also generate a publicly accessible high-resolution image database of butterfly species (ca. 8,000 images from 1,000 nymphalid species), a large phylogeny of nymphalids, and the first database for gene expression images in the Lepidoptera. In addition, interactive web-accessible animations will be produced and incorporated into the exhibits of the Peabody Museum. This software will illustrate the diversity of nymphalid wing patterns and will animate the evolution of eyespot changes on phylogeny. This exhibit will introduce the public to the diversity and evolution of wing patterns, the evolution of individuation of repeated modules, and the evolution of morphological novelties such as eyespots.