Collaborative Research: Race, Immigration, and Citizenship in the Americas

合作研究：美洲的种族、移民和公民身份

• 批准号: 0819506
• 负责人: David FitzGerald
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0819506&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Race; Immigration; Citizenship

PI: David S Fitzgerald and David Cook-MartinInstitutions: University of California, San Diego and Grinnell CollegeTitle: Collaborative Research: Race, Immigration, and Citizenship in the Americas SES-0819506 and 0819571Project AbstractWhat explains racial and national origin preferences in immigration and citizenship policy in the Americas over the last 150 years? Many scholars have argued that the end of discrimination against particular groups was caused by the global triumph of political liberalism and that powerful exemplars of liberal democracy shaped the policies of countries in their sphere of influence. And yet, if liberalism is incompatible with racism, why were the United States and Canada leaders in the spread of racialized policy restrictions in the Americas during the early twentieth century? Why did authoritarian Latin American regimes remove negative racial discrimination from their immigration laws around World War II, a generation before liberal-democratic states like the United States and Canada did the same in the 1960s? This study will answer those questions by creating an original database of racial and national origin preferences in the immigration and citizenship laws of 22 major countries of the Americas since 1850. A statistical analysis of time series data will test the extent to which specific political, demographic, and economic conditions explain levels of racialization in those policies. The quantitative analysis will be complemented by case studies based on archival materials and the secondary literature of the five primary countries of immigration ? the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba ? and Mexico as a negative instance of a country that sought, but failed to attract mass immigration.The intellectual merit of this project lies in (a) its cross-country comparisons and long time frame, and (b) a research strategy of using case-studies to address the puzzles and gaps that emerge from quantitative analyses. The systemic long-view proposed is potentially transformative because it shows how the internal inclusiveness of liberal democracy often rests on categorical exclusions of outsiders. The study?s broader impacts will include (1) lessons for contemporary immigration policy (whether the current stance against racist exclusion is historically contingent and thus reversible, how egalitarian laws may in practice discriminate by race, and if racialist exclusions may be giving way to more politically palatable, but still discriminatory categorical distinctions); (2) using an inquiry-based approach to train underrepresented students in a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies; (3) the integration of project data into the undergraduate curriculum and research mentorship, and the provision of research apprenticeships for graduate students. In addition, (4) findings will be disseminated to a wide audience of academics, policymakers, and other stakeholders through workshops, conference presentations, and publication of original data and results in high-profile Internet sites and academic publications. Finally, (5) it fosters collaboration across disciplines (sociology and economics) and types of research and teaching institutions (UC San Diego and Grinnell College) by, among other things, developing appropriate sharing technologies.

主要研究者：大卫S菲茨杰拉德和大卫库克马丁机构：加州大学，圣地亚哥和格林内尔学院标题：合作研究：种族，移民和公民身份在美洲SES-0819506和0819571项目摘要什么解释种族和民族血统的偏好在移民和公民身份政策在美洲在过去的150年？许多学者认为，对特定群体的歧视的结束是政治自由主义在全球取得胜利的结果，自由民主的强大典范塑造了各国在其影响范围内的政策。然而，如果自由主义与种族主义不相容，为什么美国和加拿大的领导人在世纪早期在美洲传播种族化的政策限制？为什么拉丁美洲的独裁政权在第二次世界大战前后从移民法中删除了负面的种族歧视，比美国和加拿大等自由民主国家在20世纪60年代做同样的事情早了一代人？这项研究将通过建立一个原始数据库来回答这些问题，该数据库记录了自1850年以来美洲22个主要国家移民和公民身份法中的种族和民族血统偏好。对时间序列数据的统计分析将检验具体的政治、人口和经济条件在多大程度上解释这些政策中的种族化程度。定量分析将辅以个案研究的基础上档案材料和二级文献的五个主要国家的移民？美国、加拿大、阿根廷、巴西和古巴？该项目的学术价值在于（a）其跨国比较和较长的时间框架，以及（B）采用案例研究的研究战略，以解决定量分析中出现的难题和差距。所提出的系统性长期观点具有潜在的变革性，因为它表明自由民主的内部包容性往往依赖于对局外人的绝对排斥。书房？更广泛的影响将包括：（1）当代移民政策的教训（目前反对种族主义排斥的立场是否具有历史偶然性，因而是可以逆转的，平等主义法律在实践中可能如何实行种族歧视，种族主义排斥是否可能让位于政治上更容易接受但仍然具有歧视性的分类区别）;（2）采用以探究为基础的方法，以质性和定量研究方法相结合的方式培训代表性不足的学生;（3）将项目数据纳入本科生课程和研究导师制，并为研究生提供研究学徒制。此外，（4）将通过讲习班、会议介绍以及在知名网站和学术出版物上公布原始数据和结果，向广大学者、决策者和其他利益攸关方传播研究结果。最后，（5）它通过开发适当的共享技术等方式促进跨学科（社会学和经济学）和研究与教学机构（加州大学圣地亚哥分校和格林内尔学院）的合作。