Transposon tagging and fast neutron mutagenesis in soybean: Necessary resources to aid in the translation of genomics information into applied technologies

项目负责人：韦恩·帕罗特，乔治亚大学；项目负责人：汤姆·克莱门特，内布拉斯加大学；项目负责人：加里·斯泰西，密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校；项目负责人：卡罗尔·万斯，明尼苏达大学；高级人员：张占元，密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校大豆作物是植物蛋白和食用油的主要来源。对大豆遗传学的深入了解对于开发新的大豆品种至关重要，这些品种将满足大豆在未来几十年的营养、环境和工业需求。大豆有许多可用的研究工具来促进其遗传研究。然而，大豆有一种遗传工具明显缺失，即反向遗传工具的可用性；这是一种鉴定和确定具有学术、生物学或农业重要性的大豆基因功能的方法。因此，该项目的长期目标是开发和分配研究大豆基因功能，特别是与大豆品质和产量有关的基因功能所需的资源。这一目标将通过建立和编目大豆缺失、插入和基因激活突变体的集合来实现，这些突变体来自水稻、烟草或玉米的基因，这些基因自然地在基因组中移动并插入到其他基因中。这种突变可以改变植物的外观，或者可以在实验室中检测到。此外，该团队将研究快中子的使用，以提高他们发现所需突变的能力。然后，研究小组将比较各种技术的相对效率和有效性。不仅大豆遗传学家、育种家、农民和消费者将从该项目获得的信息中受益，而且由该提案开发的一套转座子工具将可用于任何双科作物。此外，任何可立即用于进一步遗传研究或用于开发新品种的大豆植物，都将立即提供给需要并在成本回收基础上提出要求的遗传学家或育种家。这项研究将在很大程度上由研究生和博士后进行，有效地帮助培养下一代大豆育种家和遗传学家。此外，每个参与州都有一系列小型研究项目，专门用于吸引有前途的高中生和本科生从事科学和科学事业。大豆油和蛋白质已经成为许多工业和食品用途的底物。人们期望新的设计油和蛋白质可以用于从更健康的饮食到营养保健品到新型工业化合物到生物柴油的所有领域。关于现有种子储备的遗传知识和信息将通过一个为此目的而设计的网站（http://digbio.missouri.edu/gmgenedb/index.php）、科学家在科学会议上的工作介绍以及在同行评议的期刊上发表的工作报告向公众提供。

PI: Wayne Parrott, Univ. of GeorgiaCo-PI: Tom Clemente, Univ. of Nebraska, Co-PI: Gary Stacey, Univ. of Missouri, ColumbiaCo-PI: Carroll Vance, Univ. of MinnesotaSenior Personnel: Zhanyuan J. Zhang, Univ. of Missouri, ColumbiaThe soybean crop is a major source of vegetable protein and edible oil. A thorough understanding of soybean genetics is essential for the development of new soybean varieties that will meet the nutritional, environmental, and industrial requirements that soybean will fulfill over the next decades. Soybean has many research tools available that facilitate its genetic study. However, there has been one genetic tool notably absent for soybean, namely the availability of reverse genetic tools; that is, a way to identify and determine the function of soybean genes that hold academic, biological or agricultural importance. Therefore, the long-term goal of this project is to develop and distribute the resources to needed to investigate the function of soybean genes, especially those involved in soybean quality and yield. This goal will be accomplished by building and cataloging a collection of soybean deletion, insertional, and gene activation mutants derived by engineering soybeans with genes from rice, tobacco or maize that naturally move around the genome and insert themselves into other genes. Such mutants alter the appearance of the plant, or can be detected in the laboratory. Moreover, the team will investigate the use of fast neutrons to enhance their ability to find the desired mutations. The research team will then compare the relative efficiency and effectiveness of the various techniques.Not only will soybean geneticists, breeders, farmers and consumers benefit from the information this project derives, but the set of transposon tools developed by this proposal will be available and useful for any dicot crop. Furthermore, any soybean plants that are immediately useful for additional genetic studies or for use in the development of new varieties will be immediately available to the geneticists or breeders who need and request them on a cost-recovery basis. The research will be executed in large part by graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, effectively helping train the next generation of soybean breeders and geneticists. In addition, each participating state has a series of small research projects that are specifically designed to interest and engage promising high school and undergraduate students in science and scientific careers.Soybean oil and protein are already substrates for numerous industrial and alimentary uses. It is expected that new, designer oils and proteins can be used for everything from healthier diets to nutraceuticals to novel industrial compounds to biodiesel. The genetic knowledge and information on the available seed stocks will be made available to the public via a web site (http://digbio.missouri.edu/gmgenedb/index.php) designed for the purpose, presentations by the scientists of their work at scientific meetings, and reports of the work published in peer-reviewed journals.